Table 1.
Survey participant characteristics and associations with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Healthcare Professionals (HCP) a (N = 4165).
| n (%) | PR (95 % CI), p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| Bivariate | Multivariable | ||
|
| |||
| Hesitant about COVID-19 vaccines a | |||
| No | 3420 (82.11) | ||
| Yes | 718 (17.24) | ||
| Missing | 27 (0.65) | ||
| Age | |||
| 18–25 years | 202 (4.85) | 3.06 (1.65–5.67), p < 0.01 | 1.20 (0.64–2.28), p = 0.57 |
| 26–35 years | 1041 (24.99) | 3.36 (1.92–5.89), p < 0.01 | 1.27 (0.71–2.24), p = 0.42 |
| 36–45 years | 838 (20.12) | 3.92 (2.24–6.87) p < 0.01 | 1.43 (0.80–2.53), p = 0.23 |
| 46–55 years | 861 (20.67) | 2.84 (1.61–5.00) p < 0.01 | 1.24 (0.70–2.19), p = 0.46 |
| 55–65 years | 1011 (24.27) | 1.61 (0.90–2.87) p = 0.11 | 1.11 (0.63–1.94), p = 0.72 |
| Older than 65 years (REFERENCE) | 195 (4.68) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 17 (0.41) | ||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 3459 (83.05) | 0.86 (0.49–1.59), p = 0.60 | |
| Male | 642 (15.41) | 0.65 (0.36–1.16), p = 0.15 | |
| Prefer not to answer (REFERENCE) | 49 (1.18) | 1.00 | |
| Missing | 15 (0.36) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 3422 (82.16) | 0.60 (0.43–0.85), p < 0.01 | 0.74 (0.54–1.00), p = 0.05 |
| Male | 624 (14.98) | 0.45 (0.30–0.66), p < 0.01 | 0.70 (0.49–0.98), p = 0.04 |
| Non-Binary | 7 (0.17) | 0.98 (0.29–3.30), p = 0.97 | 1.25 (0.20–7.71), p = 0.81 |
| Prefer not to answer (REFERENCE) | 83 (1.99) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 29 (0.70) | ||
| Race | |||
| African Americans/Black | 475 (11.40) | 1.35 (1.04–1.75), p = 0.03 | 1.17 (0.90–1.52), p = 0.25 |
| Caucasian/White | 2641 (63.41) | 0.63 (0.50–0.81), p < 0.01 | 0.94 (0.73–1.20), p = 0.62 |
| Asian American | 631 (15.15) | 0.53 (0.39–0.72), p < 0.01 | 0.79 (0.57–1.10), p = 0.16 |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 39 (0.94) | 1.74 (1.13–2.71), p < 0.01 | 1.48 (0.99–2.22), p = 0.057 |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 25 (0.60) | 1.19 (0.61–2.33), p = 0.60 | 1.06 (0.57–1.96), p = 0.86 |
| Multi-Racial (REFERENCE) | 245 (5.88) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 109 (2.62) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic or Latinx | 553 (13.28) | 1.35 (1.14–1.60), p < 0.01 | 1.01 (0.82–1.24), p = 0.93 |
| Not Hispanic or Latinx (REFERENCE) | 3572 (85.76) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 40 (0.96) | ||
| Language c | |||
| English and Other Language(s) | 1029 (24.71) | 1.08 (0.93–1.26), p = 0.31 | 0.88 (0.75–1.02), p = 0.09 |
| Non-English Language(s) Only | 33 (0.79) | 2.53 (1.69–3.80), p < 0.01 | 1.44 (0.99–2.11), p = 0.06 |
| English Only (REFERENCE) | 3079 (73.93) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 24 (0.58) | ||
| County of Primary Residence | |||
| Bronx | 54 (1.30) | 1.00 (0.52–1.93), p = 0.99 | 0.62 (0.34–1.12), p = 0.11 |
| Kings | 101 (2.42) | 1.65 (1.09–2.52), p = 0.02 | 1.08 (0.76–1.55), p = 0.65 |
| Manhattan | 98 (2.35) | 0.12 (0.03–0.50), p < 0.01 | 0.18 (0.04–0.71), p = 0.01 |
| Nassau | 1396 (33.52) | 0.98 (0.73–1.33), p = 0.91 | 1.01 (0.77–1.32), p = 0.95 |
| Queens | 697 (16.73) | 1.03 (0.75–1.43), p = 0.84 | 0.86 (0.64–1.14), p = 0.30 |
| Richmond | 167 (4.01) | 1.27 (0.85–1.90), p = 0.24 | 0.86 (0.59–1.23), p = 0.40 |
| Suffolk | 1036 (24.87) | 1.14 (0.84–1.55), p = 0.41 | 1.04 (0.79–1.37), p = 0.77 |
| Westchester | 242 (5.81) | 0.76 (0.49–1.16), p = 0.20 | 0.91 (0.62–1.36), p = 0.66 |
| Other e (REFERENCE) | 243 (5.83) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 131 (3.15) | ||
| Chronic Lung Disease | |||
| No | 4087 (98.13) | 1.36 (0.76–2.44), p = 0.30 | |
| Yes (REFERENCE) | 78 (1.87) | 1.00 | |
| Missing | 0 | ||
| Heart Disease | |||
| No | 4060 (97.48) | 1.41 (0.84–2.36), p = 0.19 | |
| Yes (REFERENCE) | 105 (2.52) | 1.00 | |
| Missing | 0 | ||
| High Blood Pressure | |||
| No | 3457 (83.00) | 1.38 (1.12–1.68), p < 0.01 | 1.05 (0.84–1.33), p = 0.65 |
| Yes (REFERENCE) | 708 (17.00) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 0 | ||
| Obesity | |||
| No | 3657 (87.80) | 1.16 (0.93–1.44), p = 0.18 | |
| Yes (REFERENCE) | 508 (12.20) | 1.00 | |
| Missing | 0 | ||
| Other/None of the Above Comorbidity | |||
| No | 1142 (27.42) | 0.79 (0.68–0.93), p < 0.01 | 0.98 (0.83–1.17), p = 0.83 |
| Yes (REFERENCE) | 3023 (72.58) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 0 | ||
| Parent or Guardian | |||
| No | 2821 (67.73) | 0.61 (0.54–0.70), p < 0.01 | 0.78 (0.68–0.89), p < 0.01 |
| Yes (REFERENCE) | 1335 (32.05) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 9 (0.22) | ||
| Income | |||
| Less than $30,000 | 126 (3.03) | 13.38 (3.31–54.02), p < 0.01 | 4.60 (1.14–18.58), p = 0.03 |
| $30,000–$49,999 | 666 (15.99) | 11.76 (2.97–46.59), p < 0.01 | 4.03 (1.02–15.95), p = 0.05 |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 801 (19.23) | 8.12 (2.05–32.20), p < 0.01 | 3.25 (0.82–12.85), p = 0.09 |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 816 (19.59) | 8.20 (2.07–32.54), p < 0.01 | 3.69 (0.94–14.59), p = 0.06 |
| $100,000–$149,999 | 1042 (25.02) | 5.77 (1.45–22.92), p < 0.01 | 2.95 (0.75–11.68), p = 0.12 |
| $150,000–$199,999 | 297 (7.13) | 5.09 (1.25–20.77), p = 0.02 | 3.05 (0.75–12.35), p = 0.12 |
| $200,000–$249,999 | 127 (3.05) | 3.81 (0.87–16.78), p = 0.08 | 2.53 (0.58–11.08), p = 0.22 |
| $250,000–$299,999 | 74 (1.78) | 2.97 (0.59–14.89), p = 0.18 | 2.52 (0.51–12.33), p = 0.25 |
| $300,000 or more (REFERENCE) | 89 (2.14) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 127 (3.05) | ||
| Daily Job Function d | |||
| Minimal to no patient interaction | 1431 (34.36) | 0.99 (0.85–1.15), p = 0.91 | |
| Some patient interaction | 953 (22.88) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14), p = 0.66 | |
| High patient interaction (REFERENCE) | 1767 (42.42) | 1.00 | |
| Missing | 14 (0.34) | ||
| Duration of Employment | |||
| 0–2 years | 1079 (25.91) | 2.37 (1.59–3.55), p < 0.01 | 0.88 (0.56–1.40), p = 0.60 |
| 3–30 years | 2793 (67.06) | 2.06 (1.39–3.05), p < 0.01 | 0.90 (0.58–1.40), p = 0.65 |
| More than 30 years (REFERENCE) | 287 (6.89) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 6 (0.14) | ||
| Duration in Healthcare | |||
| 0–2 years | 385 (9.24) | 2.18 (1.58–3.01), p < 0.01 | 1.26 (0.82–1.92), p = 0.29 |
| 3–30 years | 3002 (72.08) | 2.45 (1.91–3.15), p < 0.01 | 1.38 (0.97–1.95), p = 0.07 |
| More than 30 years (REFERENCE) | 774 (18.58) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 4 (0.10) | ||
| Received Booster Shot | |||
| No | 1211 (29.08) | 5.27 (4.57–6.09), p < 0.01 | 4.43 (3.76–5.20), p < 0.01 |
| Yes (REFERENCE) | 2920 (70.11) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 34 (0.82) | ||
HCP = healthcare personnel; PR = prevalence ratio (estimates the relative risk in cross-sectional studies); 95 % CI = 95 % confidence interval.
Bolded values indicate significant associations.
HCP bivariate and multivariable regression is log binomial methods to model the probability of being “very hesitant” or “somewhat hesitant” (vs. not sure, not too hesitant, not at all hesitant) in response to “Overall, how hesitant about COVID-19 vaccines would you consider yourself to be?”.
Other Languages = Spanish (n=), Mandarin (n=), Cantonese (n=), Korean (n=), Hindi (n=), Punjabi (n=), Bengali (n=), Russian (n=), French/Creole (n=), Additional non-English (n=).
Daily job function as part of the daily/regular duties to provide health care = High patient interaction (Advanced Clinical Providers, Clinical Care, Clinical Professional, Nursing, Provider); Some patient interaction (Academia and Research, Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Support, Hospitality, Patient and Customer Experience, Pharmacy, Quality, Patient Safety and Infection Prevention, Rehabilitation Services, Social Services); Minimal to no patient interaction (Administrative Support, Analytics and Business Insights, Business Services, Business Strategy, Facilities and Support Services, Finance, Foundation, General Management, Human Resources, Information Technology and Services, Legal and Compliance, Marketing and Communications, Revenue Cycle, Risk Management, Supply chain).
Other County = outside of NYC metropolitan area and Long Island.