Table 2.
Clinical Course and Treatment during Hospitalization of Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection in Albania, Jordan, Nicaragua, and the Philippines
| All Sites N = 1129 No. (%) |
Albania N = 438 No. (%) |
Jordan N = 358 No. (%) |
Nicaragua N = 209 No. (%) |
Philippines N = 124 No. (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of illness before admission-median (IQR) days | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–50) | 2 (1–3) |
| Highest level of care | |||||
| ICUa | 358 (32) | 201 (46) | 111 (31) | 31 (15) | 15 (12) |
| General ward | 771 (68) | 237 (54) | 247 (69) | 178 (85) | 109 (88) |
| Vital signs | |||||
| Fever (≥38°C) b | 475 (42) | 172 (39) | 168 (47) | 59 (28) | 76 (61) |
| Respiratory rate recordedc | 976 (86) | 426 (97) | 217 (61) | 209 (100) | 124 (100) |
| Tachypneab,d | 329 (34) | 113 (27) | 28 (13) | 86 (41) | 102 (82) |
| Oxygen saturation (SpO2) recorded c | 837 (74) | 423 (97) | 305 (85) | 67 (32) | 42 (34) |
| Hypoxemia (SpO2 <92%) b | 448 (54) | 194 (46) | 229 (75) | 15 (22) | 10 (24) |
| Clinical interventions and treatment | |||||
| Supplemental oxygen (O2) | 505 (45) | 186 (42) | 226 (63) | 56 (27) | 37 (30) |
| Highest level of O2 support | |||||
| Non-invasive ventilation e | 10 (1) | 1 (<1) | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 5 (4) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 20 (2) | 2 (<1) | 7 (2) | 8 (4) | 3 (2) |
| IV Fluids | 650 (58) | 122 (28) | 329 (92) | 95 (45) | 104 (84) |
| Tube feeding | 77 (7) | 49 (11) | 9 (3) | 9 (4) | 10 (8) |
| Inotropes | 40 (4) | 5 (1) | 16 (4) | 11 (5) | 8 (6) |
| Antibiotics | 1083 (96) | 431 (98) | 347 (97) | 184 (88) | 121 (98) |
| Corticosteroids | |||||
| Inhaled | 29 (3) | 16 (4) | 3 (1) | 8 (4) | 2 (2) |
| Systemic | 390 (35) | 252 (58) | 69 (20) | 40 (19) | 29 (23) |
| Both | 47 (4) | 15 (3) | 6 (2) | 22 (11) | 4 (3) |
| Chest radiograph (CXR) performed | 1008 (89) | 403 (92) | 309 (87) | 179 (86) | 117 (94) |
| CXR interpretation of pneumonia f | 522 (52) | 114 (28) | 175 (57) | 126 (70) | 107 (91) |
| Length of stay-median (IQR) days | 6 (4–7) | 6 (4–7) | 6 (4–8) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (4–8) |
| Primary discharge diagnosis | |||||
| Bronchiolitis | 362 (32) | 279 (64) | 33 (9) | 48 (23) | 2 (2) |
| Pneumonia g | 532 (47) | 97 (22) | 198 (55) | 126 (61) | 111 (90) |
| Pertussis-like syndrome | 46 (4) | 1 (<1) | 42 (12) | 3 (1) | 0 |
| Sepsis | 45 (4) | 1 (<1) | 39 (14) | 2 (1) | 3 (2) |
| Other respiratory diagnosis h | 44 (4) | 27 (6) | 10 (3) | 6 (3) | 1 (<1) |
| Other non-respiratory diagnosis h | 91 (8) | 33 (8) | 28 (8) | 23 (11) | 7 (6) |
| Not documented | 9 (1) | 0 | 8 (2) | 1 (<1) | 0 |
| Outcome | |||||
| Died | 9 (1) | 1 (<1) | 4 (1) | 1 (<1) | 3 (2) |
| During hospitalization | 4 (<1) | 0 | 3 (1) | 1 (<1) | 0 |
| After hospital transfer | 1 (<1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) |
| After discharge (within 30 days) | 4 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 0 | 2 (2) |
| Readmitted within 30 days | 21 (2) | 4 (1) | 13 (4) | 1 (<1) | 3 (2) |
Includes nine for which a determination was made that the infant needed ICU care but was not available.
Any instance recorded during hospitalization.
≥1 measurement recorded during hospitalization.
Defined as ≥60 breaths per minute for infants <2 months old and ≥50 breaths per minute for infants 2–12 months old.
Includes CPAP or BiPAP.
Radiologist or physician interpretation of pneumonia.
Includes unspecified pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, bronchial pneumonia, and consolidated pneumonia.
Respiratory diagnoses include reactive airway disease, viral respiratory illness, upper respiratory illness, otitis media, bronchitis, transient tachypnea of the newborn; non-respiratory diagnoses include bacteremia, dehydration, seizure, meningitis, urinary tract infection, non-respiratory viral illness, and diarrhea/gastroenteritis.