Table 3.
Factors Associated with Illness Severity among Hospitalized Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-Positive Infants, All Sites
| Severe Illness N = 546 No. (%) |
Very Severe Illness N=583 No. (%) |
Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Odds Ratioa (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group, months | ||||
| 0–2 | 208 (38) | 392 (67) | 4.6 (3.0-7.1) b | 4.1 (2.6–6.5) b |
| 3––5 | 134 (25) | 107 (18) | 2.0 (1.2–3.1) b | 1.9 (1.1–3.1) b |
| 6––8 | 118 (22) | 49 (8) | 1.0 (0.61–1.7) | 0.96 (0.55–1.7) |
| 9––11 | 86 (16) | 35 (6) | Ref | Ref |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 321 (59) | 344 (59) | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 225 (41) | 239 (41) | 1.0 (0.78–1.3) | 0.92 (0.71–1.2) |
| Site | ||||
| Albania | 207 (38) | 231 (40) | 2.7 (1.9–3.9) b | 2.8 (1.9–4.1) b |
| Jordan | 104 (19) | 254 (44) | 5.9 (4.1–8.6) b | 4.8 (3.2–7.1) b |
| Nicaragua | 148 (27) | 61 (10) | Ref | Ref |
| Philippines | 87 (16) | 37 (6) | 1.0 (0.63–1.7) | 1.2 (0.70–2.0) |
| Infant medical and birth history | ||||
| Preterm birth | 34/521 (7) | 55/564 (10) | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 1.5 (0.91–2.4) |
| Low birth weight | 67/511 (13) | 87/555 (16) | 1.2 (0.86–1.8) | 0.83 (0.52–1.3) |
| Type of delivery | ||||
| Vaginal | 370/534 (69) | 354/568 (62) | Ref | Ref |
| Cesarean section | 164/534 (30) | 214/568 (38) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) b | 1.4 (1.03–1.8) b |
| In ICU after birth | 45/529 (9) | 107/568 (19) | 2.5 (1.7–3.6) b | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) b |
| Required ventilator after birth | 23/533 (4) | 42/563 (7) | 1.8 (1.1–3.2) b | 1.2 (0.66–2.2) |
| Prior hospitalization | 94 (17) | 79 (14) | 0.75 (0.54–1.1) | 1.4 (0.94–1.9) |
| Parent-reported underlying condition | 29 (5) | 34 (6) | 1.1 (0.64–1.9) | 1.2 (0.66–2.1) |
| Chronic heart or respiratory tract diseasec | 21 (4) | 34 (6) | 1.5 (0.86–2.8) | 1.8 (0.95–3.3) |
| Low weight-for-age z-score | 60/540 (11) | 110/553 (20) | 2.0 (1.4–2.8) b | 1.9 (1.2–2.8) b |
| Breast feeding | ||||
| Not initiated | 28 (5) | 44 (8) | Ref | Ref |
| Initiated but not currently | 78 (15) | 56 (10) | 0.44 (0.28–0.80) a | 0.59 (0.29–1.2) |
| Currently, partial | 279 (51) | 276 (47) | 0.63 (0.38–1.0) | 0.84 (0.46–1.5) |
| Currently, exclusive | 158 (29) | 207 (35) | 0.83 (0.50–1.40) | 0.65 (0.35–1.2) |
| RSV subgroup | ||||
| RSV A | 213/486 (44) | 220/528 (42) | Ref | Ref |
| RSV B | 273/486 (56) | 308/528 (58) | 1.1 (0.85–1.4) | 1.0 (0.78–1.4) |
a
Individual variables adjusted for categorical age, sex, site, and preterm birth.
b
Significant association (P < .05)
c
Chronic heart or respiratory tract disease: (1) parent report of chronic respiratory disease or heart condition (n = 37), or (2) discharge diagnosis or discharge code indicating congenital/chronic heart or lung disease (n = 18, in addition to those identified by parent report).