. 2024 Jul 16;17:1661–1685. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S453243

Table 4.

Safety and Efficacy of AHAs in Patients with Other Dermatological Diseases

Study ID	Design	Sample size	Patients	Interventions	Main Outcome	Findings
Liu et al, 2022⁹³	Randomized, split-face, evaluator-blinded trial	30	Disseminated facial verruca plana	35% GA	The clearance rate	Chemical peeling with 35% GA could be a safe and effective option for treating disseminated facial verruca plana, especially for those who desire skin improvement.
Liu et al, 2022⁹³	Randomized, split-face, evaluator-blinded trial	30	Disseminated facial verruca plana	Adapalene gel	The clearance rate
Oresajo et al, 2008⁴⁷	Split-face study RCT	44	Mild to moderate facial hyperpigmentation and fine lines/wrinkles	5–10% LHA	Reduction of hyperpigmentation	Five percent to 10% of LHA peel is generally safe and as effective as 20–50% GA peel in reducing facial hyperpigmentation and fine lines/wrinkles.
Oresajo et al, 2008⁴⁷	Split-face study RCT	44		20–50% GA	Reduction of hyperpigmentation
Rouvrais et al, 2018⁷¹	RCT	30	Aging	GA peels (20%, 50%, and 70%)	Reducing crow’s feet wrinkles depth and volume, crow’s feet and periorbital wrinkle length, and number of fine lines and wrinkles at end of treatment	A dermo-cosmetic cream containing 0.1% RAL, GGO (Relastide^®) and Pre-tocopheryl^® is as effective as 3 sequential GA peels, better tolerated, and is an alternative in the management of photoaged skin.
Rouvrais et al, 2018⁷¹	RCT	27	Aging	0.1% RAL associated with Glycylglycine Oleamide and Pre-tocopheryl^®
Zaki et al, 2018⁷⁰	Comparative split neck study	20	Pseudo-acanthosis nigricans	GA peel 70%	Acanthosis Nigricans Area and Severity Index (ANASI)	Glycolic acid peel shows superior results to fractional CO2 due to accelerated induced exfoliation, yet still fractional CO2 results are promising due to a presumably long-term improvement of skin texture.
Zaki et al, 2018⁷⁰	Comparative split neck study	20	Pseudo-acanthosis nigricans	Fractional CO₂	Acanthosis Nigricans Area and Severity Index (ANASI)
Ellabban et al, 2019⁸⁴	RCT	21	Periorbital hyperpigmentation	TCA and lactic acid	Patients’ satisfaction and objective response	Both PRP and chemical peeling are effective for treatment of POH; however, chemical peeling is much more effective, tolerable, and satisfying procedure than PRP.
Ellabban et al, 2019⁸⁴	RCT	21	Periorbital hyperpigmentation	PRP injection	Patients’ satisfaction and objective response
Zeeshan et al, 2022⁶⁹	Retrospective pilot study	17	Acanthosis nigricans	Salicylic-mandelic acid	Objective response and safety profile	Combination of keratolytic chemical peels and topical mild keratolytic application ensures better therapeutic outcome in patients of AN with long lasting effect.
Zeeshan et al, 2022⁶⁹	Retrospective pilot study	17	Acanthosis nigricans	Maintenance with a glycolic acid-urea combination cream	Objective response and safety profile