Table 2.
Subgroup Analysis of the Effect of BCG-Recipients’ Plasma on Gene Expressions in Cultured Human Monocytes.
| A | Female (n = 20) | Male (n = 19) | p-value | |||||
| Median change ± IQR | BCG (n =10) | Placebo (n =10) | p-value | BCG (n = 12) | Placebo (n = 7) | p-value | BCG vs BCG | Placebo vs Placebo |
| HCW, no. (%) | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 0.65 | 4 (33.3) | 1 (14.3) | 0.60 | 1 | 0.13 |
| Young, no. (%) | 5 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | 1 | 4 (33.3) | 4 (57.1) | 0.37 | 0.66 | 1 |
| Anosmia, no (%) | 5 (50.0) | 7 (70.0) | 0.65 | 4 (33.3) | 3 (42.9) | 1 | 0.67 | 0.35 |
| IFTM3 | 0.18 ± 0.19 | −0.10 ± 0.40 | 0.004 | −0.01 ± 0.48 | 0.19 ± 0.31 | 0.84 | 0.25 | 0.088 |
| TNF-α | −0.04 ± 0.37 | −0.13 ± 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.19 ± 0.88 | 0.16 ± 0.17 | 0.90 | 0.82 | 0.055 |
| IFNβ-1b | 0.12 ± 0.19 | −0.01 ± 0.26 | 0.007 | 0.24 ± 1.07 | 0.09 ± 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.087 |
| IFNL1 | 0.11 ± 0.24 | −0.17 ± 1.13 | 0.19 | −0.09 ± 0.86 | 0.08 ± 0.51 | 0.90 | 0.31 | 0.60 |
| ACE2 | 0.08 ± 0.56 | −0.21 ± 0.43 | 0.12 | 0.04 ± 0.53 | −0.04 ± 0.31 | 0.43 | 0.97 | 0.60 |
| AXL | 0.04 ± 0.29 | −0.06 ± 0.32 | 0.28 | −0.01 ± 0.39 | 0.19 ± 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.54 | 0.19 |
| Caspase-8 | 0.07 ± 0.2 | −0.09 ± 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.08 ± 0.38 | 0.13 ± 0.23 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.19 |
| IL2RA | 0.52 ± 0.76 | 0.03 ± 0.87 | 0.21 | 0.13 ± 0.95 | −0.58 ± 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.22 |
| IL-1β | −0.03 ± 0.34 | −0.08 ± 0.43 | 0.85 | 0.12 ± 0.74 | 0.04 ± 0.21 | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.47 |
| IL-10 | 0.05 ± 0.25 | −0.22 ± 0.39 | 0.11 | −0.02 ± 0.52 | −0.08 ± 0.14 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.60 |
| IL-6 | −0.46 ± 1.18 | −0.27 ± 1.55 | 0.80 | 0.14 ± 0.51 | 0.07 ± 0.45 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.62 |
| B | Age < 25 (n =18) | Age > 60 (n =21) | p-value | |||||
| Median change ± IQR | BCG (n =9) | Placebo (n = 9) | p-value | BCG (n = 13) | Placebo (n = 8) | p-value | BCG vs BCG | Placebo vs Placebo |
| Female, no. (%) | 5 (55.6) | 5 (55.6) | 1 | 5 (38.5) | 5 (62.5) | 0.39 | 0.67 | 1 |
| HCW, no (%) | 2 (22.2) | 3 (33.3) | 1 | 6 (46.2) | 4 (50.0) | 1 | 0.38 | 0.64 |
| Anosmia, no (%) | 4 (44.4) | 7 (77.8) | 0.33 | 5 (38.5) | 3 (37.5) | 1 | 1 | 0.15 |
| IFTM3 | 0.33 ± 0.38 | −0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.011 | 0.00 ± 0.29 | 0.11 ± 0.41 | 0.70 | 0.036 | 0.32 |
| TNF-α | −0.06 ± 0.40 | −0.04 ± 0.43 | 0.60 | 0.19 ± 0.64 | 0.08 ± 0.37 | 0.59 | 0.89 | 0.61 |
| IFNβ-1b | 0.17 ± 0.34 | 0.01 ± 0.39 | 0.08 | 0.21 ± 0.51 | 0.02 ± 1.13 | 0.30 | 0.51 | 0.96 |
| IFNL1 | 0.12 ± 0.96 | −0.21 ± 0.73 | 0.49 | −0.09 ± 0.54 | −0.02 ± 0.56 | 0.86 | 0.39 | 0.74 |
| ACE2 | 0.06 ± 0.55 | −0.11 ± 0.36 | 0.22 | 0.01 ±0.44 | −0.23 ± 0.45 | 0.34 | 0.56 | 0.96 |
| AXL | −0.04 ± 0.25 | −0.08 ± 0.18 | 0.44 | 0.00 ± 0. 32 | 0.08 ± 0.40 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.61 |
| Caspase-8 | 0.03 ± 0.31 | −0.07 ± 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.08 ± 0.36 | 0.10 ± 0.31 | 0.60 | 0.29 | 0.24 |
| IL2RA | 0.04 ± 0.25 | −0.30 ± 0.63 | 0.16 | 0.68 ± 1.03 | −0.28 ± 1.6 | 0.23 | 0.082 | 0.95 |
| IL-1β | −0.12 ± 0.88 | −0.04 ± 0.34 | 0.93 | 0.03 ± 0.32 | −0.04 ± 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.64 | 0.67 |
| IL-10 | 0.22 ± 0.35 | −0.20 ± 0.26 | 0.008 | −0.02 ± 0.29 | −0.10 ± 0.43 | 0.97 | 0.051 | 0.67 |
| IL-6 | 0.07 ± 0.61 | −0.27 ± 0.72 | 0.28 | −0.04 ± 1.12 | 0.16 ± 0.51 | 0.79 | 1 | 0.22 |
| C | HCW (n = 15) | Non-HCW (n =24) | p-value | |||||
| BCG (n = 8) | Placebo (n =7) | p-value | BCG (n = 14) | Placebo (n = 10) | p-value | BCG vs BCG | Placebo vs Placebo | |
| Female, no. (%) | 4 (50.0) | 6 (85.7) | 0.28 | 6 (42.9) | 4 (40.0) | 1 | 1 | 0.13 |
| Young, no. (%) | 2 (25.0) | 3 (42.9) | 0.60 | 7 (50.0) | 6 (60.0) | 0.70 | 0.38 | 0.64 |
| Anosmia, no (%) | 3 (37.5) | 5 (71.4) | 0.31 | 6 (42.9) | 5 (50.0) | 1 | 1 | 0.62 |
| IFTM3 | 0.12 ± 0.43 | −0.10 ± 0.25 | 0.040 | 0.11 ± 0.39 | 0.05 ± 0.39 | 0.71 | 0.62 | 0.19 |
| TNF-α | 0.2 ± 0.5 | −0.01 ± 0.33 | 0.09 | −0.08 ± 0.55 | 0.04 ± 0.36 | 0.98 | 0.27 | 0.67 |
| IFNβ-1b | 0.25 ± 0.32 | 0.01 ± 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.46 | 0.00 ± 0. 39 | 0.47 | 0.069 | 0.88 |
| IFNL1 | 0.07 ± 0.57 | −0.04 ± 1.37 | 0.61 | −0.01 ± 0.76 | −0.11 ± 0.61 | 0.75 | 0.62 | 1 |
| ACE2 | −0.16 ± 0.75 | −0.22 ± 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.08 ± 0.35 | −0.13 ± 0.33 | 0.21 | 0.76 | 0.60 |
| AXL | 0.08 ± 0.24 | 0.02 ± 0.47 | 0.69 | −0.05 ± 0.30 | −0.05 ± 0.29 | 0.84 | 0.33 | 0.96 |
| Caspase-8 | 0.06 ± 0.15 | −0.06 ± 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.10 ± 0.37 | 0.09 ± 0.17 | 0.28 | 0.87 | 0.47 |
| IL2RA | 0.45 ± 0.76 | −0.04 ± 1.58 | 0.46 | 0.12 ± 0.77 | −0.42 ± 0.69 | 0.10 | 0.70 | 0.53 |
| IL-1β | 0.12 ± 0.38 | −0.11 ± 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.01 ± 0.40 | 0.00 ± 0.27 | 0.98 | 0.71 | 0.47 |
| IL-10 | −0.02 ± 0.10 | −0.21 ± 0.26 | 0.15 | 0.05 ± 0.53 | −0.08 ± 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.61 | 0.47 |
| IL-6 | −1.20 ± 0.97 | −0.34 ± 1.35 | 0.42 | 0.16 ± 0.64 | −0.04 ± 0.50 | 0.18 | 0.005 | 0.62 |
| D | Anosmia/dysgeusia on admission (n = 19) | No anosmia/dysgeusia on admission (n =20) | p-value | |||||
| BCG (n = 9) | Placebo (n =10) | p-value | BCG (n = 13) | Placebo (n = 7) | p-value | BCG vs BCG | Placebo vs Placebo | |
| Female, no. (%) | 5 (55.6) | 7 (70.0) | 0.65 | 5 (38.5) | 3 (42.9) | 1 | 0.67 | 0.35 |
| Young, no. (%) | 4 (44.4) | 7 (70.0) | 0.37 | 5 (38.5) | 2 (28.6) | 1 | 1 | 0.15 |
| HCW, no. (%) | 3 (33.3) | 5 (50.0) | 0.65 | 5 (38.5) | 2 (28.6) | 1 | 0.62 | 1 |
| IFTM3 | 0.00 ± 0.44 | −0.03 ± 0.17 | 0.60 | 0.14 ± 0.32 | −0.02 ± 0.73 | 0.27 | 0.65 | 0.96 |
| TNF-α | −0.02 ± 0.42 | 0.01 ± 0.33 | 0.78 | 0.22 ± 0.79 | −0.04 ± 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.47 | 0.74 |
| IFNβ-1b | 0.17 ± 0.25 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.21 ± 0.96 | 0.04 ± 0.50 | 0.18 | 0.65 | 0.67 |
| IFNL1 | −0.09 ± 0.20 | −0.12 ± 0.63 | 0.78 | 0.33 ± 0.98 | 0.08 ± 1.13 | 0.35 | 0.47 | 0.81 |
| ACE2 | 0.21 ± 0.36 | −0.05 ± 0.39 | 0.028 | −0.15 ± 0.74 | −0.24 ± 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.096 | 0.31 |
| AXL | 0.00 ± 0.25 | 0.04 ± 0.26 | 0.84 | −0.01 ± 0.31 | −0.12 ± 0.56 | 0.35 | 0.79 | 0.16 |
| Caspase-8 | 0.04 ± 0.11 | −0.05 ± 0.17 | 0.45 | 0.13 ± 0.37 | 0.13 ± 0.65 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 1 |
| IL2RA | 0.21 ± 1.56 | 0.03 ± 0.71 | 0.42 | 0.17 ± 0.59 | −0.59 ± 0.34 | 0.067 | 0.97 | 0.32 |
| IL-1β | 0.03 ± 0.38 | −0.05 ± 0.44 | 0.60 | −0.02 ± 0.47 | −0.03 ± 0.23 | 0.59 | 0.84 | 1 |
| IL-10 | −0.07 ± 0.31 | −0.1 ± 0.27 | 0.90 | 0.00 ± 0.32 | −0.13 ± 0.35 | 0.056 | 0.35 | 0.31 |
| IL-6 | −0.46 ± 1.13 | 0.07 ± 0.47 | 0.78 | 0.09 ± 0.50 | −0.31 ± 0.68 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.83 |
Notes: Subgroups are Based on (A) Gender, (B) Age, (C) Job Type, and (D) Presence or Absence of Anosmia/Dysgeusia on Admission. All Quantifications are Described as Median Change (Day 45 − Day 0) ± Interquartile Range (IQR)
Abbreviations: HCW, healthcare worker; Young, patients less than 25 years old (the other age group is patients older than 60 years); IFTM3, interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; IFN, interferon; ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; AXL, tyrosine protein kinase receptor UFO; IL, interleukin; IL2RA, interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha.