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. 2024 Feb 29;137(14):1674–1683. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003019

Table 1.

Important features of GPLs.

Features Description
Prevalence 0.9%–12.1%
Histopathology Most common type (about two-thirds) is cholesterol polyps. Other lesions include inflammatory polyps, hyperplastic polyps, adenomyomatosis, adenomas, adenocarcinoma.
Risk factors Gender, age, hepatitis B virus infection, liver function abnormalities, fatty liver, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity, number, shape and size of GPLs, metabolic syndrome, and ethnicity.
Biological mechanism Hormone levels in vivo, gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, Salmonella typhimurium, and related molecules.
Natural history Most of the small polyps were benign, with no change in number and size.
Coexisting diseases GallstonesPrimary sclerosing cholangitis
Diagnosis Including chemical examination and imaging examination. Imaging examination is mainly used at present, ultrasound is the common imaging method.
Treatment Cholecystectomy or gallbladder-preserving polyp resection was performed in patients with symptoms, large lesions (≥10 mm in diameter), or features associated with malignancy.

GPLs: Gallbladder polypoid lesions.