Fig. 4.

Meta-analyses of cohort studies on the association between risk of type 2 diabetes and physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, resistance exercise and muscular strength. See text for description of meta-analyses. Vertical bars = 95% confidence intervals. PA, physical activity; MPA, moderate-intensity physical activity; LTPA, leisure time physical activity; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; Res Ex, resistance exercise; DR, dose-response. In Aune et al. [82], DR = per 20 mL $O_2$/kg/min (~5.7 METs) for CRF and per 5 hours/week of resistance exercise; in Tarp et al. [39] and Zaccardi et al. [36], DR = per 1 MET (3.5 mL $O_2$/kg/min) higher cardiorespiratory fitness; in Momma et al. [89], DR = per 10 min/week of resistance exercise training; in Tarp et al. [39], DR = per 1 standard deviation in muscular strength.