Table 5.

Effect of temperature on crop speed breeding.

Plant species	Temperature	Other experimental details	Influence on speed breeding generations		Reference
			Effects	Generations/year
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cv.) “Moench”	31.9/21.0°C (day/night) 32.8/21.0°C (day/night) 36.1/21.0°C (day/night) 38.0/21.0°C (day/night)	14 h·d−1 photoperiod, 600 µmol·m−2·s−1	Average seed set percentage decreased significantly from 80% and 69% to 59% and 31% as maximum temperature increased across the four temperature regimes.	Not available	Singh et al., 2015
Grain amaranths (Amaranthus spp.)	35°C/30°C, 16-h day length 30°C/25°C, 8-h day length	Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers	Maintained at 30°C induced early flowering 4 weeks after planting and allowing amaranth to complete one breeding generation for 2 months, while approximately 6 months are needed to take in the field.	6 generations per year	Stetter et al., 2016
Early flowering pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L. cv.) “PBA Twilight”	20/18°C (day/night) 24/20°C (day/night)	13–14 h·d−1 photoperiod, 600 µmol·m−2·s−1, in vivo/in vitro SSD	Increasing temperature resulting in early flowering by 6.58–10 days. Growing plants under optimized temperature 24/20°C (day/night) allowed up to 2.5 times faster floral onset compared to field conditions and up to 1.7 times compared to the conventional SSD system across the entire range of pea genotypes tested.	Not available	Ribalta et al., 2017
Mid-flowering pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L. cv.) “PBA Pearl”
Late-flowering pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L. cv.) “Kaspa”