Table 1.

Materials used in the study, chemical composition, batch number, manufacturer, and application mode

Materials	Chemical composition	Batch number	Manufacturer	Application
Grape Seed Extract	95% Proanthocyanidin	210,296	Infisa, Barcelona, Spain	2%, 6.5% or 15% w/v in aqueous solution: Apply on dentin surface for 60 s with gentle agitation using a fully saturated applicator. Then, the surfaces were rinsing and gentle air-dried.
Clearfil SE Bond 2	Primer: 10-MDP, HEMA, Hydrophilic aliphatic dimethacrylate, dl-Camphorquinone, Water	BQ0055	Kuraray Noritake, Okayama, Japan	After the nHAp_PA, apply the primer with an applicator and leave it in place for 20 s. Then, dry for 5 s with mild air flow.
	Bond: 10-MDP, HEMA, Bis-GMA, Hydrophobic aliphatic dimethacrylate, dl-Camphorquinone, Initiators, Accelerators, Silanated colloidal silica	BJ0081		After the primer, apply the adhesive and light-cure for 10 s.
Brilliant EverGlow	Methacrylates, dental glass, amorphous silica, zinc oxide	J39958	Coltene, Altstatten, Switzerland	After bonding procedures, apply 2 mm layers of composite and light-cure each increment layer for 20 s.

Abbreviations: 10-MDP, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; HEMA, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; Bis-GMA, bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate