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. 2024 Jul 24;11:816. doi: 10.1038/s41597-024-03655-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Temporal changes in the migration flows of scholars to (left) and from (right) the United States based on Scopus (top) and OpenAlex (bottom). The figure is limited to the 5 origin and destination countries with the highest flows. Flows are presented as the actual counts of scholars sent or received, and the 2018 counts can be seen in Fig. 4 as printed labels in cells.