Table 2.
Linear Mixed Model (LMM): F-values and significance levels (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001) for the fixed effects of mining status and slope (both simple and interaction effects) on soil chemical and physical properties (potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), C:N ratio, soil pH levels, soil moisture content, bulk density of the soil, and soil penetration resistance) at mining locations around Accra, southern Ghana (2021).
| Variable | Mining status | Slope | Mining Status x Slope |
|---|---|---|---|
| K (mg kg-1) | 45.50*** | 25.41*** | 2.77 |
| Na (mg kg-1) | 12.13*** | 3.56 | 2.64 |
| Mg (mg kg-1) | 18.25*** | 23.51*** | 0.43 |
| P (mg kg-1) | 23.40*** | 3.33 | 5.97** |
| N (g kg-1) | 58.17*** | 31.32*** | 5.16** |
| C (g kg-1) | 51.17*** | 28.94*** | 4.29* |
| C/N ratio | 1.18 | 0.06 | 0.17 |
| pH | 8.07*** | 29.32*** | 0.47 |
| Soil moisture (%VWC) | 4.96** | 8.10** | 6.91** |
|
Bulk density (g cm-3) |
44.65*** | 2.68 | 0.70 |
| Penetration resistance (MPa) | 11.41*** | 5.85* | 9.81*** |