Table 2.

Associations of baseline characteristics with the LOS for the index hospitalization.

Variable	Univariable Models			Multivariable Model 1*			Multivariable Model 2*
	%Δ†	(95% CI)	p-value	%Δ†	(95% CI)	p-value	%Δ†	(95% CI)	p-value
Male sex	20.8	(0.8, 44.7)	.041	3.4	(-13.2, 23.2)	.71	3.5	(-13.2, 23.4)	.70
Age, per 10-year increase	-4.8	(-10.1, 0.8)	.093	0.5	(-6.0, 7.4)	.89	-0.1	(-6.7, 7.0)	.98
White race	-22.2	(-39.0, -0.9)	.042	-15.7	(-32.9, 5.9)	.14	-14.2	(-31.8, 7.9)	.19
Insurance			.006
Commercial	(ref)
Medicaid	47.8	(12.4, 94.4)		12.1	(-14.9, 47.7)	.42	26.0	(-6.4, 69.6)	.13
Medicare	8.3	(-17.6, 42.2)		-7.7	(-30.1, 21.8)	.57	-1.1	(-25.2, 30.7)	.94
Other	13.4	(-24.7, 70.9)		1.8	(-31.4, 51.0)	.93	6.6	(-28.3, 58.3)	.75
SSI	-43.5	(-53.4, -31.5)	<.001	-25.4	(-39.5, -7.9)	.007	-26.6	(-41.0, -8.7)	.006
Medical comorbidities
Cirrhosis	42.2	(-4.1, 111.0)	.080				1.1	(-30.8, 47.5)	.96
CKD	56.8	(23.1, 99.7)	<.001				27.7	(-0.9, 64.4)	.058
DM	16.4	(-5.1, 42.8)	.14				7.8	(-12.4, 32.6)	.48
Endocarditis	52.8	(15.5, 102.1)	.003				15.4	(-13.0, 53.1)	.32
Chronic SCI/decubitus ulcer	49.8	(11.2, 101.9)	.008				41.8	(4.8, 91.7)	.024
HIV	66.5	(-20.6, 249.4)	.18				23.3	(-38.6, 147.6)	.55
Malnutrition	101.3	(62.7, 148.9)	<.001				64.8	(31.8, 106.1)	<.001
Non-IV drug use	27.2	(-16.8, 94.2)	.27				18.8	(-21.0, 78.5)	.41
IVDU	35.1	(10.2, 65.7)	.004				6.8	(-19.0, 40.8)	.64
Number of comorbidities			<.001			<.001
0	(ref)
1	49.9	(21.5, 84.9)		29.9	(3.0, 63.7)
2	82.8	(43.2, 133.5)		54.6	(18.2, 102.1)
3+	194.0	(122.1, 289.0)		141.5	(76.7, 229.9)

LOS, length of stay; PSL, primary spoken language; SSI, surgical site infection; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; SCI, spinal cord injury; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IV, intravenous; IVDU, intravenous drug user.

^⁎396 patients without any missing characteristics were included in the multivariable models;

^†Percent difference in geometric mean of LOS or charges per change in variable.