Table 2.

Outcome measures after participants played the VR-Hosp^a game and reliabilities of the scales used.

Outcome assessments		Mean (SD)	Cronbach α
v-NOTECHSb				.93
	Communication and interactionc	4.3 (0.54)	.70
	Situation awareness and vigilancec	4.1 (0.55)	.70
	Cooperation and team skillsc	4.1 (0.55)	.84
	Leadership and managerial skillsc	4.1 (0.50)	.79
	Decision-makingc	4.1 (0.52)	.90
SSSCLd scale				.95
	Satisfaction with the content and instructionsc	4.3 (0.56)	.93
	Self-confidence in learningc	4.2 (0.53)	.91
PQe				.92
	Involvement (maximum score=84)	57.6 (8.71)	.90
	Adaptation and immersion (maximum score=50)	28.3 (4.95)	.85
	Sensory fidelity (maximum score=42)	39.6 (5.95)	.80
	Interface quality (maximum score=21)	11.0 (3.39)	.74

^aVR-Hosp: virtual reality hospital.

^bv-NOTECHS: virtual nontechnical skills.

^cMaximum score=5.

^dSSSCL: Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning.

^ePQ: Presence Questionnaire.