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. 2024 Jul 16;5(3):385–401. doi: 10.3390/epidemiologia5030028

Table 4.

Knowledge of breast cancer symptoms by undergraduate students (n = 429).

Variables Correct n (%) Incorrect n (%)
Nipple retraction(yes) 59.2% (n = 254) 40.8% (n = 175)
Pain in breast region (no) 9.8% (n = 42) 90.2% (n = 387)
The appearance of wrinkles on the breasts (yes) 51.7% (n = 222) 48.3% (n = 207)
Nipple discharge (yes) 72.3% (n = 310) 27.7% (n = 119)
Presence of breast lump or thickening (yes) 87.9% (n = 377) 12.1% (n = 52)
Redness of the breast skin (yes) 71.3% (n = 306) 28.7% (n = 123)
Painless breast lump (yes) 69.5% (n = 298) 30.5% (n = 131)
Nipple position change (yes) 43.8% (n = 188) 56.2% (n = 241)
Presence of mass or thickening in the armpit (yes) 77.2% (n = 331) 22.8% (n = 98)
Change in breast shape and size (yes) 72.7% (n = 312) 27.3% (n = 117)