Table 1.

Guidelines for different types of circulatory shock and recommendations to be implemented within the first 30 min

	Latest guidelines	Recommendations to be implemented within the first 30–60 min
Septic shock	Surviving sepsis campaign 2021 [2]	Measure lactate levels. Obtain blood cultures before administering antibiotics. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics. Begin to rapidly administer 30 ml/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L.
Cardiogenic shock	American Heart Association 2022 [3]	No specific timeline recommendations
Hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock	European Society of Anaesthesiology 2023 [4, 6]	Control any external bleeding and maintain SBP < 90 mmHg (higher target in patients with brain trauma) until bleeding is controlled
Hypovolemic non-hemorrhagic shock	No guidelines identified
Obstructive (pulmonary embolism)	European Society of Cardiology 2019 [5]	No specific timeline guidelines except of urgent echocardiography to detect RV failure for possible reperfusion.
Obstructive (cardiac tamponade)	No guidelines identified
Obstructive (tension pneumothorax)	No guidelines identified

MAP: mean arterial pressure, RV: right ventricle, SBP: systolic arterial blood pressure