Table 1.
Background characteristics of mother and child (12–23 months) pair in NDHS 2022
| Variables | Frequency (%)a | Fully Vaccinated (%) b | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Household characteristics | |||
| Province | < 0.001 | ||
| Koshi | 168(17.5) | 80.8 | |
| Madhesh | 269(28.0) | 67.0 | |
| Bagmati | 134(14.0) | 83.4 | |
| Gandaki | 51(5.3) | 93.4 | |
| Lumbini | 172(17.9) | 85.3 | |
| Karnali | 79(8.2) | 84.3 | |
| Sudurpaschim | 87(9.1) | 88.8 | |
| Place of residence | 0.786 | ||
| Urban | 623(65.0) | 79.5 | |
| Rural | 336(35.0) | 80.3 | |
| Ecological zone | < 0.010 | ||
| Mountain | 68(7.1) | 89.1 | |
| Hill | 301(31.3) | 84.3 | |
| Terai | 591(61.6) | 76.4 | |
| Sex of child | 0.214 | ||
| Male | 486(50.7) | 81.5 | |
| Female | 473(49.3) | 78.0 | |
| Maternal education | <0.001 | ||
| No Education | 197(20.5) | 64.8 | |
| Primary | 338(35.3) | 80.5 | |
| Some Secondary | 261(27.2) | 85.9 | |
| SLC and Above | 163(17.0) | 86.4 | |
| Mother’s age (years) | 0.144 | ||
| 15–19 | 76(7.9) | 72.4 | |
| 20–24 | 399(41.6) | 79.1 | |
| 25–29 | 299(31.2) | 80.3 | |
| 30–34 | 128(13.3) | 87.4 | |
| 35–49 | 57(5.9) | 74.3 | |
| Caste/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| Brahmin Hill | 57(5.9) | 90.8 | |
| Chhetri Hill | 176(18.4) | 86.3 | |
| Terai Caste | 187(19.5) | 73.3 | |
| Dalit | 194(20.2) | 69.2 | |
| Hill Janajati | 192(20.0) | 86.9 | |
| Terai Janajati | 87(9.1) | 90.8 | |
| Muslim | 66(6.9) | 67.0 | |
| Wealth status | <0.050 | ||
| Poorest | 233(24.3) | 75.8 | |
| Poorer | 224(23.4) | 73.2 | |
| Middle | 180(18.8) | 85.0 | |
| Richer | 193(20.1) | 85.2 | |
| Richest | 129(13.5) | 82.8 | |
| Household size | <0.050 | ||
| Small (one-three) | 116(12.1) | 90.7 | |
| Medium (four-five) | 370(38.6) | 80 | |
| Large (≥ Six) | 473(49.3) | 76.9 | |
| Birth order | 0.001 | ||
| One | 401(41.8) | 81.8 | |
| Two-Three | 463(48.3) | 81.3 | |
| ≥ Four | 95(9.9) | 64.0 | |
| Mother’s employment (past 12 months) | <0.010 | ||
| No | 369(38.5) | 73.8 | |
| Yes | 590(61.5) | 83.5 | |
| Communication and information | |||
| Exposure to mass media | <0.010 | ||
| No Exposure | 250(26.1) | 72.0 | |
| Less than Once a Week | 287(29.9) | 80.6 | |
| At least Once a Week | 422(44.0) | 83.8 | |
| Aware of HMG in ward | <0.001 | ||
| No | 669(70.0) | 76.6 | |
| Yes | 291(30.0) | 87.2 | |
| Parental attitude, knowledge, and practices | |||
| ANC ≥ 4 visits | <0.001 | ||
| No | 231(24.1) | 67.9 | |
| Yes | 728(75.9) | 83.5 | |
| Place of delivery | <0.001 | ||
| Elsewhere* | 214(22.3) | 69.5 | |
| Health Facility | 745(77.7) | 82.7 | |
| Health service immunisation system | |||
| Distance to health facility | <0.010 | ||
| Big Problem | 385(40.1) | 75.0 | |
| Not Big Problem | 574(59.9) | 83.0 | |
| Money needed to visit health facility | |||
| Big Problem | 389(40.6) | 73.2 | < 0.001 |
| Not Big Problem | 570(59.4) | 84.3 | |
| Total | 959 (100) | 79.8 |
Notes: a percentage reported within the column; b percentage reported within the row
*elsewhere (respondent’s home, other’s home, and other recoded as elsewhere)