Figure 1.

Flow diagram of the model for monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections. Individuals in the model are divided into classes according to stage of mpox infection, vaccination status, and whether they are refraining from sexual contacts. Unvaccinated individuals can be susceptible to MPXV ($S_{ui}$), exposed to MPXV ($E_{ui}$), infectious not refraining from sexual contacts ($I_{ui}$), or infectious but refraining from sexual contacts ($Y_{ui}$). Individuals vaccinated in the past can be susceptible ($S_{vi}$), exposed ($E_{vi}$), infectious not refraining or refraining from sexual contacts ($I_{vi}$, $Y_{vi}$). Individuals vaccinated in 2022 can be susceptible ($S_{pi}$), exposed ($E_{pi}$), infectious not refraining or refraining from sexual contacts ($I_{pi},Y_{pi}$). Infectious cases may need hospitalization ($H_i$). After recovery, they are immune ($R_i$). These classes are further divided into 4 subclasses according to level of sexual activity. In the model, we accounted for exit out of the population at a per capita rate μ that is not shown in the diagram.