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. 2023 Dec 22;230(1):e17–e29. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad590

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Cytokine and chemokine levels during the viral and inflammatory phases between peak-severity groups. Individual markers’ particular distinctions between each COVID-19 peak-severity group and healthy controls, displayed by viral phase (0–5 days after symptom onset) or inflammatory phase (6–20 days after symptom onset): (A) viral phase IFN-γ; (B) inflammatory phase IFN-γ; (C) viral phase IL-2; (D) inflammatory phase IL-2; (E) viral phase IL-10; (F) inflammatory phase IL-10; (G) viral phase IL-12p70; (H) inflammatory phase IL-12p70; (I) viral phase angiopoietin-2; and (J) inflammatory phase angiopoietin-2. All panels show group median levels as lines and significance levels determined using Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn P value correction. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001. Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin.