Figure 2.

CHF induces poor performance in cognitive behaviors in CHF rats. (A–C) MWM acquisition trial, including total average swimming distance (A), escape latency period for rats to find the underwater platforms (B), and average swimming speed (C). (D–F) MWM probe trial, including times of crossing over the platform (D), percentage of the time (E), and distance (F) spent in the target quadrant. (G) Representative paths of Sham and CHF rats in the spatial probe test. (H–K) The parameters of the open field test, including total distance (H), distance in the center (I), times of entries into the center (J), and mean speed (K). (L) Representative paths of Sham and CHF rats in the open field test. Data are presented as the Mean ± SEM; ^*P < 0.05, and ^**P < 0.01 vs. Sham; n = 10.