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. 2024 Jul 12;15:1414852. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1414852

Table 2.

Pairwise comparisons of symptom expression between all groups (N = 55).

“Fructose malabsorption” > “Control sample” “Fructose malabsorption” < “Fructose and lactose malabsorption combined” “Fructose and lactose malabsorption combined” > “Control sample”
ADHD a p 0.209 0.024* 0.001**
adj. p
Holm-Bonferroni
0.209 0.048* 0.003**
ODD/CD b p 0.405 0.011* 0.082
adj. p
Holm-Bonferroni
0.405 0.033* 0.164
Anxiety p 0.003** 0.485 0.002**
adj. p
Holm-Bonferroni
0.006** 0.485 0.006**
Depression p 0.017* 0.160 <0.001***
adj. p
Holm-Bonferroni
0.034* 0.160 0.003**
OCD/Tics c p 0.453 0.037* 0.169
adj. p
Holm-Bonferroni
0.453 0.111 0.338
External d p 0.604 0.007** 0.003**
adj. p
Holm-Bonferroni
0.604 0.014* 0.009**
Internal e p 0.006** 0.217 <0.001***
adj. p
Holm-Bonferroni
0.012* 0.217 0.003**

Asymptotic significances (2-sided tests) are displayed (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Direction of difference is mentioned above stated as “greater than/less than” signs. Significance values have been adjusted by the Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.

a

ADHD, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders.

b

ODD/CD, Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders.

c

OCD/Tics, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders/Tics.

d

External: ADHD, ODD/CD.

e

Internal: Anxiety, Depression.