Table 4.

Characteristics of individual studies associated with TAAD.

Authors	Year of publication	No. of cases	Imaging data	modelling and simulation methods	CFD parameter	Key findings
Malvindi et al. [3]	2017	1	CTA	CFD	WSS	An abnormal helical flow pattern inside the aneurysm and an increased wall stress on the right postero-lateral wall of the ascending aorta. These values were largely higher than the theoretical cut-off for aortic wall dissection and confirmed during the operation for dissection repair.
				FSI
Chi et al. [65]	2017	7	CTA	CFD	WSS	Dilation of the ascending aorta and alterations in the branching angles may be the key determinants of a high WSS that leads to type A dissection. Greater tortuosity of the aortic arch leads to stronger helical flow through the distal aortic arch, which may be related to tears in this region.
Xiao et al. [67]	2018	20	CTA	CFD	WSS	The blood flow velocity and aortic branch vessels faster, the rate of organ mal-perfusion is lower. The aorta and branch vascular wall shear stress increases, the rate of adverse postoperative organ perfusion is lower.
Ma et al. [66]	2021	20	CTA	FEM	MWP	The uneven distribution of WSS and VS play an important role in the rupture of AD. Eddy viscosity (EV) demonstrates powerful predictive value in the rupture of aortic dissection.
					MWSS
					MVS
					MEV
					MAWP
					MAVS

CTA, computed tomography angiography; FEM, finite element method; WSS, wall shear stress; FSI, fluid-structure interaction; MWP, mean wall pressure; MWSS, mean wall shear stress; MVS, mean vortex strength; MEV, mean eddy viscosity; MAWP, maximum wall pressure; MAVS maximum vortex strength; TAAD, type A aortic dissection; CFD, computational fluid dynamics; VS, vortex strength; AD, aortic dissection.