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. 2023 Apr 19;24(4):122. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2404122

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

The Cycle of Heart Failure. In response to myocardial injury, neurohumoral mechanisms are activated, compensating for decreased cardiac output. However, in the long term, these mechanisms cause further wall stress and cardiac remodelling, further damaging cardiac tissue and advancing the progression of heart failure. RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SNS, sympathetic nervous system.