Table 10.
Practical approach to the athlete’s heart diagnosis.
| 1st-line screening | 2nd-line screening | Clinical suspicious | 3rd-line screening | |
| History + physical examination + ECG | Echocardiography + EST/CPET + 24-hours ECG Holter | First choice | Second choice | |
| Cardiomyopathies | CMR | Genetic testing | ||
| CAD | Echo-stress | CCT, SPECT or PET | ||
| Valvulopathies | CMR | Echo-stress | ||
| Myocarditis, pericarditis | CMR | |||
| Coronary artery abnormalities | CCT | |||
| Aorthopathies | CCT | |||
| Channelopathies | Genetic testing | |||
CAD, coronary artery disease; ECG, electrocardiogram; EST, exercise stress test; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise test; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; CCT, cardiac computer tomography; SPECT, single photon emission computer tomography; PET, positron emission tomography.