Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics.

Characteristics		Entire cohort		p value	Propensity-matched cohort		p value
		DEX (N = 889)	Non-DEX (N = 495)		DEX (N = 462)	Non-DEX (N = 462)
Age (month)		5.93 $\pm$ 2.59	5.71 $\pm$ 3.22	0.190	5.96 $\pm$ 2.74	5.79 $\pm$ 3.16	0.566
Weight		6.73 $\pm$ 1.63	6.23 $\pm$ 1.88	0.001	6.44 $\pm$ 1.63	6.39 $\pm$ 1.84	0.547
Gender (Male)		595 (66.93)	319 (64.44)	0.349	307 (66.45)	299 (64.72)	0.631
Premature infant		17 (1.91)	13 (2.63)	0.382	10 (2.16)	11 (2.38)	1.000
Pulmonary arterial hypertension		413 (46.46)	239 (48.28)	0.514	229 (49.57)	230 (49.57)	1.000
Oxygen saturation%		90.8 $\pm$ 10.3	88.5 $\pm$ 12.8	0.001	89.2 $\pm$ 11.5	89.4 $\pm$ 12.0	0.737
Hemoglobin concentration (g/L)		120.4 $\pm$ 40.1	120.4 $\pm$ 25.6	0.999	120.8 $\pm$ 25.2	119.4 $\pm$ 25.2	0.389
Creatinine (umol/L)		26.4 $\pm$ 7.7	27.8 $\pm$ 10.6	0.014	26.5 $\pm$ 8.7	27.5 $\pm$ 10.3	0.091
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L)		3.05 $\pm$ 1.36	3.21 $\pm$ 1.48	0.038	3.10 $\pm$ 1.44	3.23 $\pm$ 1.50	0.151
ALT (IU/L)		30.4 $\pm$ 38.8	28.9 $\pm$ 21.4	0.443	31.3 $\pm$ 50.8	29.0 $\pm$ 21.1	0.385
AST (IU/L)		46.6 $\pm$ 45.1	45.6 $\pm$ 28.1	0.663	49.6 $\pm$ 59.0	44.7 $\pm$ 21.4	0.402
Albumin (mg/L)		40.8 $\pm$ 3.2	39.8 $\pm$ 3.8	0.001	40.1 $\pm$ 3.3	40.1 $\pm$ 3.6	0.620
Ejection fraction		67.2 $\pm$ 6.2	67.5 $\pm$ 6.9	0.522	67.6 $\pm$ 6.0	67.5 $\pm$ 6.8	0.833
NYHA				0.732			0.333
	I	50 (5.62)	29 (5.86)		20 (4.33)	27 (5.84)
	II	755 (84.93)	413 (83.43)		389 (84.20)	386 (83.55)
	III	84 (9.45)	53 (10.71)		53 (11.47)	49 (10.61)
Perfusion time (min)		95.9 $\pm$ 49.0	104.5 $\pm$ 56.3	0.007	100.6 $\pm$ 46.3	101.2 $\pm$ 50.8	0.871
Cross clamp time (min)		60.9 $\pm$ 32.9	64.8 $\pm$ 37.8	0.071	63.7 $\pm$ 34.6	63.6 $\pm$ 37.4	0.981
Surgery time (min)		180.1 $\pm$ 66.5	187.1 $\pm$ 82.9	0.109	185.7 $\pm$ 70.1	185.6 $\pm$ 80.3	0.985

DEX, dexmedetomidine; NYHA, New York Heart Associatio; ALT, alanine amiotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.