Table 1.

Studies of OCT vs. IVUS- versus angiography-guidance in PCI.

Trial name or first author	N	Study design	Primary endpoint(s)	Main findings
Habara et al. (2012) [5]	70	Randomized, OCT vs. IVUS	Post-PCI stent expansion measured by IVUS	Higher stent expansion and visualization of stent-edge plaque burden and vessel border in the IVUS group.
				No difference in stent apposition and accessibility parameters.
CLI-OPCI (2012) [3]	670	Observational, ICA plus OCT vs. ICA alone	Cardiac death or MI at 1 year	Lower rate of MACE at 1 year in the ICA plus OCT group.
				OCT led to additional interventions in 35% of patients.
ILUMIEN II (2015) [6]	940	Observational, OCT vs. IVUS	Post-PCI stent expansion measured by OCT or IVUS	Comparable degree of stent expansion in both groups.
				Stent malapposition, tissue prolapse and edge dissection more frequently detected with OCT, still no significance.
DOCTORS (2016) [4]	240	Randomized, OCT vs. ICA	Post-PCI FFR	Post-procedural FFR was greater in the OCT group.
				OCT led to additional interventions in 50% of patients.
ILUMIEN III (2016) [8]	450	Randomized, OCT vs. IVUS vs. ICA	Post-PCI MSA measured by OCT	OCT was superior to ICA and non inferior to IVUS regarding post-PCI MSA.
				OCT resulted in fewer untreated dissections and stent malappositions than IVUS.
				The EEM-based strategy for stent sizing was safe with similarly few MACE in 30 days among groups.
OPINION (2018) [7]	829	Randomized, non-inferiority, OCT vs. IVUS	TVF in 12 months	OCT was non inferior to IVUS regarding TVF in 12 months.
				MLA at 12 months was comparable in both groups. Stent sizing based on lumen diameter in the OCT group and on vessel diameter determined by the EEM in the IVUS group.
ULTIMATE (2018) [10]	1448	Randomized, IVUS vs. ICA	TVF at 12 months	Lower rate of TVF both at 12 months and 3 years in the IVUS group, especially regarding TVR.
iSIGHT (2021) [9]	151	Randomized, non-inferiority, OCT vs. IVUS vs. ICA	Post-PCI stent expansion measured by OCT	OCT was non inferior to IVUS and superior to ICA regarding stent expansion.
				Stent expansion was comparable in IVUS and ICA group.
				The EEM-based strategy for stent sizing was efficient.

OCT, Optical Coherence Tomography; IVUS, Intravascular Ultrasound; PCI, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; CLI-OPCI, Centro per la Lotta contro l’Infarto-Optimisation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; ICA, Invasive Coronary Angiography; MI, Myocardial Infarction; MACE, Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events; ILUMIEN II, Observational Study of Optical Coherence Tomography [OCT] in Patients Undergoing Fractional Flow Reserve [FFR] and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; DOCTORS, Does Optical Coherence Tomography Optimize Results of Stenting; FFR, Fractional Flow Reserve; ILUMIEN III, Optical coherence tomography compared with intravascular ultrasound and with angiography to guide coronary stent implantation; MSA, Minimum Stent Area; EEM, External Elastic Membrane; OPINION, OPtical frequency domain imaging versus INtravascular ultrasound in percutaneous coronary intervention; TVF, Target Vessel Failure; MLA, Minimum Lumen Area; ULTIMATE, Intravascular Ultrasound Versus Angiography-Guided Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation; TVR, Target Vessel Revascularization; iSIGHT, Optical Coherence Tomography Versus Intravascular Ultrasound and Angiography to Guide Percutaneous Coronary Interventions.