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. 2024 Jul 12;11(7):709. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11070709

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Example of the data augmentation methods. (a) The original signals recorded using the mobile phone. (b) The result of adding DC offset values of 0.004, −0.012, −0.007, and 0.005 to the PD1-O₂Hb, PD1-HHb, PD2-O₂Hb, and PD2-HHb signals, respectively. (c) The result of multiplying the PD1-O₂Hb, PD1-HHb, PD2-O₂Hb, and PD2-HHb signals by scale values of 1.5, 2, 0.4, and 2.3, respectively. (d) The result of a horizontal flip occurring with a 50% probability.