Table 5.

Comprehensive summary of experimental designs employed in the articles reviewed in the multiorgan impact section.

Article	Experimental Target System	Dosage		Exposure Time		Administration Route		Ameliorative Effects of Resveratrol
		Cd	RV	Cd	RV	Cd	RV
Mei et al. (2021) [150] §	ERK1/2 and JNK pathways	10 μM	10 μM	48 h	48 h	NA	NA	↑ cell viability; differentiation; ALP, RUNX2, COL1, and BMP-2 activity/expression; p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK ↓ apoptosis and necrosis; phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK
Sasikumar et al. (2023) [153] §	Oxidative stress, MMP, Nrf2, and downstream genes	3 μM	20 μM	24 h	24 h	NA	NA	↑ cell viability; Nrf2 and downstream genes (HO-1, NQO1, SOD, CAT) ↓ Cd-induced structural abnormalities; expression of hypertrophic markers (ANP, BNP, βMHC)
Qian et al. (2021) [159] §	EMT (in colorectal cancer)	1–10 μM	10–200 μM	24 h	24 h	NA	NA	↑ E-cadherin ↓ invasive ability of CRC cells; ZEB1, vimentin, and N-cadherin levels

^§: in vitro; NA: not applicable; h: hours; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; EMT: epithelial–mesenchymal transition; ↑: increase; ↓: decrease/inhibition.