Table 1.
The demographic and clinical profile of study participants.
| Study Groups | C9-ALS (n = 182) |
C9+ALS (n = 22) |
HC (n = 111) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.57 ± 12.28 | 58.00 ± 8.98 | 59.55 ± 10.81 | 0.195 |
| Sex (M/F) | 120/62 | 14/8 | 54/57 | 0.013 |
| Education (years) | 13.76 ± 3.33 | 13.95 ± 3.35 | 13.03 ± 3.60 | 0.170 |
| Handedness (R/L) | 174/8 | 19/3 | 98/13 | 0.040 |
| Site onset (S/B) | 160/22 | 20/2 | n/a | 0.680 |
| Symptom duration (months) | 17.12 ± 5.78 | 16.18 ± 6.13 | n/a | 0.239 |
| ALSFRS-R | 38.72 ± 5.67 | 37.91 ± 6.85 | n/a | 0.268 |
| ECAS-Total Score | 104.67 ± 15.36 | 100.27 ± 19.18 | n/a | 0.263 |
| ECAS-ALS Specific score | 76.99 ± 12.51 | 75.47 ± 15.77 | n/a | 0.665 |
| ECAS-ALS Non-specific score | 27.68 ± 5.46 | 24.80 ± 5.54 | n/a | 0.040 |
| ECAS-Language | 24.24 ± 3.94 | 25.27 ± 3.10 | n/a | 0.306 |
| ECAS-Verbal Fluency | 16.66 ± 5.04 | 17.13 ± 5.74 | n/a | 0.734 |
| ECAS-Executive Functions | 36.10 ± 7.26 | 33.07 ± 8.67 | n/a | 0.126 |
| ECAS-Memory | 16.24 ± 4.42 | 13.93 ± 5.32 | n/a | 0.047 |
| ECAS-Visuospatial Functions | 11.44 ± 2.66 | 10.87 ± 1.06 | n/a | 0.396 |