Table 2. Premix Influence on the Model Reaction^a.

^aOptimized reaction conditions: diethyl 2-phenyl-2-vinylmalonate (1, 0.10 mmol), bromide (3 equiv, 0.30 mmol), vitamin B₁₂ (2.5 mol %), Zn (3 equiv), DTAC (0.35 mmol), n-BuOH (1.25 mmol), H₂O (5 mL), green LEDs (525 nm), 16 h, 40 °C.

^bYields determined by GC analysis with mesitylene as an internal standard.

^cPremix: zinc powder was stirred for 2 h in DTAC (0.35 mmol) solution in water prior to adding reagents and the catalyst.