Table 4.
Metal concentration (μg/g), as the mean of three determinations, elemental concentration ratio, and reference values.
| Element/Sample | OFG | OFS | Element Concentration Ratio OFG/OFS | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Cd | udl | na | 0.0126 | 0.0015 | na | 0.5 [52] (a) |
| Ni | 0.462 | 0.004 | 1.766 | 0.312 | 0.26 | 20 [52] (a) |
| Mn | 0.933 | 0.044 | 1.478 | 0.072 | 0.63 | 11,000 [53] (b) |
| Zn | 1.714 | 0.084 | 6.500 | 0.338 | 0.26 | 7200 [54] (c) |
| Cu | 2.257 | 0.091 | 23.636 | 0.290 | 0.1 | 300 [52] (a) |
| Cr | 7.833 | 0.146 | 10.341 | 1.018 | 0.76 | 1100 [52] (a) |
| Fe | 51.414 | 0.307 | 69.398 | 5.003 | 0.74 | 45,000 [53] (b) |
| Al | 3130.392 | 88.937 | 5836.321 | 233.660 | 0.54 | 2000 µg/kg bw (d) |
udl = under detection limit; na = not applicable. Pb, As, and Co concentrations were under the detection limit. (a) Maximum Oral Concentration (MOC) (µg/g). (b) Recommended dietary allowance (RDA), µg/day/person. (c) RNI (recommended nutrient intake), µg /day, stipulated by the European Food Safety Authority. (d) Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) of 2 mg/kg bw