Table 1.

Summary of antibiotic resistance genes found and associated resistance mechanisms.

Family Gen	Antibiotic Family	Drug Example	Resistance Mechanism Example	Literature References
bla	Beta-lactams	Imipenem	Antibiotic Inactivation	[24]
cat	Phenicols	Chloramphenicol	Antibiotic Inactivation	[29]
cfx	Cefamycins	Cefoxitin	Antibiotic Inactivation	[31]
dfr	Diaminopyridines	Trimethoprim	Target modification	[26]
erm	Macrolides	Erythromycin	Target modification	[32]
inu	Lincosamides	Clindamicin	Antibiotic Inactivation	[33]
mef	Macrolides	Erythromycin	Efflux Pump	[34]
msr	Macrolides	Erythromycin	Efflux Pump	[35]
oqx	Multi-Drug	Multi-Drug	Efflux Pump	[36]
tet	Tetracyclines	Doxicycline	Efflux Pump, Target Modification, Antibiotic Inactivation	[23]
vat	Streptogramins	Virginiamycin	Antibiotic Inactivation	[37]