Table 1.
Studies included in the current review.
| Author [Ref.] | Year | Study Type | Sample | Methods | Catching Ab Detection Ab |
Patient Population | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haem Rahimi et al. [66] | 2023 | Retrospective Monocenter |
Plasma | Chemiluminescence immunoassay [Volition] | Nucleosomes H3.1 [H2A, H3B, H3, H4 + DNA] | 50 healthy volunteers 151 septic shock |
Median 15.4 ng/mL Day 1–2 median 1515 ng/mL |
| Eichhorn et al. [67] | 2023 | Prospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA ROCHE |
Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD |
25 healthy volunteers 78 sepsis patients [14 with COVID] |
0.01 [0.01; 0.02] AU 0.09 [0.05; 0.11] AU without COVID 0.11 [0.04; 0.15] AU with COVID |
| Rai et al. [68] | 2022 | Prospective Monocenter |
Serum | ELISA [Orgentec] | Unknown | 80 sepsis | male: 209.8 [68.0–1263.0] ρg/μL female: 248.7 [65.0–1721.0] ρg/μL |
| Morimont et al. [69] | 2022 | Retrospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA [Volition] | Nucleosomes H3.1 [H2A, H3B, H3, H4 + DNA] | 48 control patients 46 septic shock 22 critical COVID-19 |
24.6 [12.2–61.7] ng/mL 862 [252–9398] ng/mL |
| Beltrán-García et al. [70] | 2021 | Retrospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA Kit 1 [home made] Kit2 [Roche] |
Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD |
17 healthy volunteers 9 ICU control patients 10 septic ICU patients 17 septic shock |
70.66 ± 42.22 ng/mL (kit 1); 0.083 ± 0.04 AU (kit 2) 56.97 ± 25.76 ng/mL (kit 1); 0.080 ± 0.01 AU (kit 2) 111.8 ± 74.50 ng/mL (kit 1); 0.130 ± 0.08 AU (kit 2) 152.7 ± 74.93 ng/mL (kit 1); 0.216 ± 0.17 AU (kit 2) |
| van der Meer et al. [18] | 2019 | Retrospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA | Mono anti-histone mAb CLB-ANA/58 |
20 sepsis patients | NR [only figure available] |
| Patel et al. [71] | 2019 | Retrospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA [Roche] | Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD |
50 healthy volunteers 20 sepsis + no DIC 59 sepsis + non-overt DIC 24 sepsis + overt DIC |
<10AU <10 AU 10–15 AU 20–30 AU |
| Lee et al. [72] | 2018 | Prospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA [Roche] | Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD | 21 sepsis patients 23 healthy volunteers |
0.3 ± 0.08 U/L 0.1 ± 0.03 U/L |
| Duplessis et al. [73] | 2018 | Retrospective Multicenter [4 in USA] |
Plasma | ELISA [Roche] | Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD | 24 non-infectious SIRS 4 uncomplicated sepsis 127 severe sepsis 35 septic shock |
1.1 ± 1.7 µg/mL 1.7 ± 1.9 µg/mL 3.0 ± 9.4 µg/mL 5.5 ± 10.9 µg/mL |
| Kaufman et al. [74] | 2017 | Prospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA [Roche] | Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD |
30 healthy volunteers 24 sepsis |
0 [0–0.1] µg/mL 0.35 [0–1.9] µg/mL |
| Delabranche et al. [75] | 2017 | Prospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA [Roche] | Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD | 20 septic shock [10 with DIC vs. 10 without] | Higher in patients with DIC |
| Raffray et al. [76] | 2015 | Prospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA [Roche] | Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD | 17 healthy volunteers 49 septic shock 22 cardiogenic shock |
NR [only figure available] |
| Miki et al. [77] | 2015 | Prospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA [Roche] | Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD |
5 healthy volunteers 30 sepsis patients [20 survivors, 10 non-survivors] |
NR [only figure available] |
| Huson et al. [78] | 2015 | Prospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA [Sanquin] | Monoclonal antibody H3 Monoclonal antibody nucleosome |
35 healthy controls 105 sepsis patients 60 asymptomatic HIV patients 126 patients with malaria |
NR 64 U/mL NR 175 U/mL |
| de Jong et al. [79] | 2014 | Prospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA | H3 H2A, H 2B and dsDNA |
82 healthy controls 44 sepsis [12 non-survivors] |
Survivors 33.6 ± 4 U/mL * Non-survivors 192.3 ± 5 U/mL * |
| Zeerleder et al. [80] | 2012 | Retrospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA | H3 H2A, H 2B and dsDNA |
38 children with meningococcal sepsis | 47–8638 U/mL |
| Chen et al. [81] | 2012 | Prospective Multicenter [2 hospitals in China] |
Plasma | ELISA [Roche] | Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD | Medical: 45 sepsis vs. 29 controls [no sepsis] Post-surgery: 70 sepsis vs. 21 controls [no sepsis] |
2.98 [0.30–12.60] vs. 1.29 [0.11–9.86] AU 1.86 [0.40–10.27] vs. 0.78 [0.35–9.69] AU |
| Weber et al. [82] | 2008 | Prospective Monocenter |
Serum | ELISA [Roche] | Mono anti-histone Mono anti-DNA-POD |
11 healthy volunteers 16 severe sepsis patients 10 ICU patients without sepsis |
0.118 ± 0.036 AU 0.356 ± 0.057 AU 0.149 ± 0.026 AU |
| Zeerleder et al. [83] | 2003 | Retrospective Monocenter |
Plasma | ELISA | H3 H2A, H 2B and dsDNA,x |
14 fever 15 SIRS 32 severe sepsis 8 septic shock |
38 [<35–285] units/mL 53 [<35–793] units/mL 269 [<35–1947] units/mL 814 [52–1979] units/mL |
* Values on day 7; NR: not reported.