Table 1.

Clinical outcome of bipolar ablation for ventricular arrhythmias.

Author (Year)

Site of origin of VT/PVC

N

Age

ICM

Distance between catheter tips (mm)

RF application Power

Mean RF application duration (seconds)

Impedance drop

Success rate (%)

Complications

Follow-up

Recurrence

(years)

(N)

(W)

(ohm)

N

(Months)

N of pts (%)

Koruth et al., (2012) [4]

IVS

4

62

2

17.4 $\pm$ 3.3 (max 25 mm)

Mean 41 $\pm$ 7

198

32.5 $\pm$ 14.5

5 of 6 (83)

1 cAVB

Mean 12.8

2 (50)

Free-wall

2

66

2

2 of 3 (66) (1 VT needed alcohol ablation)

0

12 and 17

0

Della Bella et al., (2020) [8]

IVS

21

66 $\pm$ 10

0

13 $\pm$ 3

Mean 33

60–90

27 $\pm$ 4

20 of 21 (95)

1 cardiac tamponade

Mean 25 $\pm$ 8

7 (33)

Futyma et al., (2020) [24]

Vicinity to His region

8

60 $\pm$ 15

0

-

Mean 35 $\pm$ 13 (10 to 60)

508 $\pm$ 565

-

6 off 8 (75)

0 (2 transient conduction block and 2 steam pops)

Mean 11 $\pm$ 5

VT 0

PVC

Pre: 16,200 $\pm$ 11,600 beats/day

Post: 4500 $\pm$ 6200 beats/day (p = 0.035)

Nguyen et al., (2016) [5]

IVS

8

62 $\pm$ 6

7

-

30–40

-

16.9 $\pm$ 4.0

13 of 14 (93)

0 (1 cardiac tamponade, unrelated to procedure)

Mean 15 $\pm$ 6

2 (29)

Papillary Muscle

2

Max: 50 (if both catheters are irrigation)

23.8 $\pm$ 8.0

1 (33)

70 (if one is non-irrigation)

Igarashi et al., (2020) [25]

IVS

11

65 $\pm$ 8

3

-

IVS: 30 to 45

30–1451

-

17/19 (89)

2 (1 (AVB, 1 Coronary stenosis))

12

5 (45)

LV Free-wall

3

-

1 steam pop

2 (66)

LVS

5

LVS: 20 to 40

1 (20)

Futyma et al., (2020) [23]

LVS

7

59 $\pm$ 12

0

-

36 $\pm$ 7

333 $\pm$ 107

NS 20–30

5/7 (71)

0

14 $\pm$ 6

VT 0

(LPC-LVOT)

(2 cases used D5W)

D5W 50–70

PVC burden

Pre 31 $\pm$ 13%

Post 4 $\pm$ 5%

Futyma et al., (2020) [14]

LVS

4

55 $\pm$ 10

0

-

Mean 24 $\pm$ 6 (10 to 27)

244 $\pm$ 15

20–30

4/4 (100)

0

Mean 15 $\pm$ 4

VT 0

(GCV/AIV-endo)

A safe distance ($>$5 mm) earliest site from coronary artery

PVC

Pre 24,250 $\pm$ 1372 beats/day

Post: 3000 $\pm$ 3600 beats/day (p = 0.02)

Teh et al., (2014) [10]

Outflow

4

53 $\pm$ 22

0

13.3 $\pm$ 5.4 (max 20 mm)

15–35

-

-

3/4 (75)

0

4

0

AFL, atrial flutter; AIV, anterior interventricular vein; cAVB, complete atrio-ventricular block; D5W, dextrose 5% in water; GCV, great cardiac vein; ICM, ischemic cardiomyopathy; IVS, Interventricular septum; LPC, Left pulmonary cusp; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; LVOT, Left ventricular outflow tract; LVS, left ventricular summit; N, number; NS, normal saline; PVC, premature ventricular contraction; VA, ventricular arrhythmia; VT, ventricular tachycardia.