ACPA	anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies
ACR	American College of Rheumatology
ADA	anti-drug antibodies
AIA	adjuvant-induced arthritis
AIF	apoptosis-inducing factor
AKBA	acetyl keto boswellic acid
AKT	AKT serine/threonine kinase
AMPK	5′-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1
AP-1	adaptor protein 1
APC	antigen-presenting cell
ARE	antioxidative response element
BAX	apoptosis regulator BAX
BCL-2	apoptosis regulator Bcl-2
Breg	B regulatory cells
CA	curculigoside A
CAT	catalase
CBD	cannabidiol
CCL-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
CCR6	chemokine receptor 6
CDAI	Clinical Disease Activity Index
CIA	collagen-induced arthritis
COX	cyclooxygenase
CRP	C-reactive protein
CTLA4	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
CYP	cytochrome P450
DAS	Disease Activity Score
DMARDs	disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
EGCG	epigallocatechin gallate
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ESR	erythrocyte sedimentation rate
EULAR	European League Against Rheumatism
FGFR	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
FLS	fibroblast-like synoviocytes
GCQG	glucosamine-chondroitin-quercetin glucoside
GPX	glutathione peroxidase
GSH	glutathione
GWAS	genome-wide association studies
HAQ-DI	Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index
HLA	human leukocyte antigen
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
HOMA-IR	Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance
ICAM-1	intercellular adhesion molecule 1
IL	interleukin
IL-23R	interleukin-23 receptor
INF-γ	interferon-γ
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
IRF5	interferon regulatory factor 5
IκBα	NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha
JAK	Janus kinase
LPO	lipid peroxidase
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCL-1	myeloid cell leukemia 1
MDA	malondialdehyde
M-EC	membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles
MEK1	dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
mPGES-1	microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1
MPO	myeloperoxidase
MRQ	Maharasnadhi quathar
MTX	methotrexate
NFATc1	nuclear factor of activated T cells 1
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
NO	nitric oxide
NOEL	no observed effect level
NPRS	Numeric Pain Rating Scale
NRF-2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NSAIDs	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OA	osteoarthritis
PADI4	protein-arginine deiminase type-4
PARP-1	poly ADPribose polymerase
PBS	phosphate buffered saline
PGE-2	prostaglandin E2
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
PKC	protein kinase C
PROs	patient-reported outcomes
PTPN22	phosphatase non-receptor type 22
RA	rheumatoid arthritis
RANKL	receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand
RBA	roburic acid
RF	rheumatoid factor
RNS	reactive nitrogen species
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SE	shared epitope
SIRT1	sirtuin 1
SJC	swollen joint count
SOD	superoxide dismutase
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription
TBARS	thiobarbituric acid reacting substances
TGF-β	transforming growth factor β
THC	tetrahydrocannabinol
TJC	tender joint count
TNF-R1	tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TRAF1/6	TNF receptor-associated factor 1/6
Tregs	regulatory T cells
UT	Uncaria tomentosa
VAS	Visual Analog Scale
VCAM-1	vascular cell adhesion protein 1
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFR	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
WC	Weldehi choornaya
WOMAC	Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index