Figure 4.

Expression levels of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes in PNx mice treated with EVs or with vehicle alone. Gene expression levels of the fibrosis-related (alpha-SMA, COL1A1, and TGF-beta) (A) and inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha and IL-6) (B) in PNx mice treated with doses 1 (n = 10) and 2 (n = 6) of EVs or with vehicle alone (n = 10) and SHAM mice (n = 10). Data are normalized to GAPDH. Mean ± SEM was calculated by comparing the gene expression levels of each experimental group with those of the PNx group treated with the vehicle alone.