FL	fluorescence
BL	bioluminescence
CL	chemiluminescence
PA	photoacoustic
CT	computed tomography
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
SBR	signal-to-background
TP	two-photon
CCD	charge-coupled device
FRET	fluorescence resonance energy transfer
BRET	bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
Ln-MOFs	lanthanide metal–organic frameworks
FLIM	fluorescence lifetime imaging
LOD	limit of detection
RSD	relative standard deviations
AFDS	aptamer-functionalized DNA fluorescent sensor
CF	cystic fibrosis
BODIPY	boron-dipyrromethene
QD	quantum dot
ConA	concanavalin A
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tb	terbium
CP	coordination polymer
NP	nanoparticles
MTX	methotrexate
RCD	red carbon dot
SO	singlet oxygen
NIR	Near infrared