Table 2.
Selected investigations concerning the role of emerging molecular biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease.
| Biomarker | Study | Population | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| αvβ6 antibody | Kuwanda et al. [80] | 112 UC 155 HC |
UC diagnosis—Se 92%; Sp 94.8% serum levels correlated with severity |
| Rydell et al. [82] | 59 UC 38 CD 100 IBS |
UC vs. CD—Se 76.3%; Sp 79% UC vs. IBS—Se 76.3%; Sp 96% |
|
| PGE-MUM | Ishida et al. [83] | 60 UC | ΔS-MES vs. ΔPGE-MUM (r = 0.518) ΔS-MES vs. ΔCRP (r = 0.444) |
| Arai et al. [84] | 99 UC | colonoscopic activity and remission (cut-off 21.8 μg/g·Cr; Se 81%) histological activity and remission (cut-off 17.0 μg/g·Cr; Se 82%) |
|
| miRNA | Shaker et al. [85] | 35 UC 32 CD 30 HC |
miRNA-675-5p: UC vs. HC—Se 85.7%; Sp 97.3% CD vs. HC—Se 88.4%; Sp 95.2% |
| Luo et al. [86] | 94 UC | prediction of glucocorticoid resistance: miR-16-2-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-224 5p—Sp 97.3% miR-32-5p—Se 97.4% |
|
| Oncostatin M | Cao et al. [87] | 145 CD 91 UC 50 DC 32 HC |
positive correlation with endoscopic and clinical disease activity combination with the fecal calprotectin: - diagnosing IBD (AUROC 0.93) - predicting therapeutic response (AUROC 0.859) |
| Yang et al. [88] | 818 CD 686 UC |
connection with endoscopic scores, fecal calprotectin, and CRP higher levels connection with poor prognosis significantly higher OSM levels in: - non-responders vs. responders - non-remitters vs. remitters - no mucosal healing vs. with mucosal healing |
|
| BAFF | Zhang et al. [89] | 37 CD 78 UC 12 IBS 44 HC |
positive correlation with disease activity fecal BAFF > 325 pg/mL: active IBD vs. HC and IBS—Se 90%; Sp 96% |
| Fu et al. [90] | 44 CD 49 UC 27 IBS 26 HC |
stronger correlation with endoscopic inflammatory scores vs. calprotectin in UC and CD IBD vs. IBS: - Fecal BAFF ≥ 227.3 pg/mL—84% Se; 100% Sp - calprotectin ≥ 50 µg/g—76% Se; 93% Sp - FOBT—65% Se; 93% Sp - BAFF + calprotectin—94% Se; 93% Sp Fecal BAFF also correlated more strongly with endoscopic inflammatory scores than calprotectin in UC and CD |
Abbreviations: UC—ulcerative colitis; CD—Crohn’s disease; DC—disease controls; HC—healthy controls; IBS—irritable bowel syndrome; Se—sensitivity; Sp—specificity; PGE-MUM—prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite; MES—Mayo endoscopic score; OSM—oncostatin M; miRNA—micro RNA; BAFF—B-cell Activating Factor.