Table 3.
Significant individual risk factors a of overall chemotoxicity (moderate-to-severe).
| Authors (Year) b/ Statistical Methods |
Nutrition | Geriatric Assessments | Biomarkers | Demographic/ Clinical Factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ali et al. (2016) [30]/ Group comparisons |
Body mass with neuropathy |
|||
| Backshall et al. (2011) [32]/ Group comparisons |
Metabolic lipid panel | |||
| Barret et al. (2011) [33]/ Odds Ratios (ORs) |
Weight loss, low albumin |
|||
| Beukers et al. (2021) [34]/ ORs |
Comprehensive Frailty | Female sex/ Cancer stages |
||
| Breton et al. (2021) [35]/ ORs |
Physical Frailty (Performance) | Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | Surgical history. Hx of aggressive chemotherapy | |
| Feliu et al. (2022) [7]/ Beta coefficient |
Weight loss | Comprehensive Frailty | Kidney function | |
| Folprecht et al. (2008) [39]/ Group comparisons |
High WBC, ALP, lactate | |||
| Gallois et al. (2019) [40]/ ORs |
Weight loss, low albumin | |||
| Garg et al. (2012) [41]/ Beta Coefficient |
Short telomere length, high platelet lymphocyte ratio, and low neutrophil count with hematological and GI toxicity | Younger age with neutropenia and GI toxicity |
||
| Hochster et al. (2007) [43]/ ORs |
Physical Frailty (Performance) | CEA, liver panels, creatine | Older age with GI toxicity (diarrhea) | |
| Jung et al. (2015) [44]/ ORs |
Psoas muscle mass | |||
| Karabulut et al. (2022) [45]/ Group comparisons |
Low BMI, Weight loss, low albumin | |||
| Li et al. (2021) [46]/ ORs |
Weight loss with hand–foot syndrome, and nausea, low hemoglobin and albumin with hematological toxicity. |
Increased WBC, high CRP with hematological toxicity | Older age with GI and hematological toxicity. Younger age with neutropenia. |
|
| Okada et al. (2017) [48]/ Group comparisons |
Low albumin with hepatotoxicity | |||
| Osterlund et al. (2007) [49]/ Group comparisons |
Lactobacillus | |||
| Retornaz et al. (2020) [50]/ ORs |
Low albumin | Physical Frailty (Grip strength, Performance) | Increased CRP, and ALP | Hx of aggressive chemotherapy |
| Seymour et al. (2011) [52]/ ORs |
Physical Frailty (Performance) | Increased WBC | Baseline quality of life | |
| Tominga et al. (2016) [54]/ ORs |
Low albumin | CRP/albumin ratio. Elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio | ||
| Watanabe et al. (2018) [56]/ ORs |
Low hemoglobin with hematological toxicity | Increased age and female sex with hematological toxicity | ||
| Brown et al. (2022) [36] */ Group comparisons |
BMI and abdominal adiposity | |||
| Cespedes Feliciano et al. (2017) [37] */ORs | BMI, muscle mass index | |||
| Decoster et al. (2018) [38] */ Group comparisons |
Physical Frailty (Performance) | |||
| Grimes, C. (2022) [42] */ Group comparisons |
Sarcopenia | |||
| Looijaard et al. (2020) [47] */ Group comparisons |
Hx of aggressive chemotherapy | |||
Note. Alb: albumin; BMI: body mass index; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; CRP: C-reactive protein; GI: gastrointestinal; Hx: history; ORs: odd ratios; USA: United States of America; and WBC: white blood cell count. a Associated with multiple types of chemotoxicity unless otherwise specified. b We excluded studies with no significant risk factors (Antonio et al. 2018 [58]; Stein et al. 2016 [53]), or without examining risk factors of chemotoxicity (Aparicio et al. 2016 [31]; Sastre et al. 2012 [51]; Tsuchihashi et al. 2018 [55]; Yamada et al. 2013 [57]). * Studies not included in the meta-analysis (n = 5) due to unavailable chemotoxicity prevalence data or data that were not comparable for inclusion in the meta-analysis.