Table 1.

The PCR primer of each gene in this study.

Gene	Description	Forward Primer (3′ → 5′)	Reverse Primer (3′ → 5′)	Ref
ACTA2	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle	CATCCTCATCCTCCCTTGAG	ATGAAGGATGGCTGGAACAG	[25]
COL1A1	Collagen type I alpha 1 chain	CCGGCTCCTGCTCCTCTTAGCG	CGTTCTGTACGCAGGTGATTGGTGG
TIMP1	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	CAAGATGTATAAAGGGTTCCAAGC	TCCATCCTGCAGTTTTCCAG
GAPDH	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	ATGACATCAAGAAGGTGGTG	CATACCAGGAAATGAGCTTG
SMAD2	SMAD family member 2	TGCTCTGAAATTTGGGGACTGA	GACGACCATCAAGAGACCTGG	[26]