Table 3.
Number of cases, crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval of isolated orofacial clefts by maternal characteristic, years 2005–2017.
| Maternal Risk Factors | N | OR | 95%CI | aOR * | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| 16–24 (ref.) | 27 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 25–29 | 48 | 0.79 | 0.49–1.27 | 0.67 | 0.39–1.13 |
| 30–34 | 78 | 0.75 | 0.49–1.17 | 0.62 | 0.37–1.04 |
| 35–39 | 50 | 0.58 | 0.36–0.92 | 0.47 | 0.27–0.82 |
| 40–44 | 14 | 0.53 | 0.28–1.01 | 0.42 | 0.20–0.88 |
| Trend | 0.85 | 0.75–0.96 | 0.81 | 0.70–0.94 | |
| Education | |||||
| High (ref.) | 51 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Medium | 98 | 1.22 | 0.87–1.71 | 0.99 | 0.69–1.43 |
| Low | 51 | 1.00 | 0.68–1.48 | 0.82 | 0.53–1.28 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Normal (ref.) | 119 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Underweight | 22 | 1.51 | 0.96–2.39 | 1.60 | 1.00–2.53 |
| Overweight | 37 | 1.16 | 0.80–1.67 | 1.28 | 0.88–1.86 |
| Obesity | 11 | 0.91 | 0.49–1.69 | 0.92 | 0.45–1.76 |
| Smoking | |||||
| Nonsmoker (ref.) | 183 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Smoker | 19 | 1.06 | 0.66–1.71 | 1.06 | 0.64–1.76 |
N: number of cases; OR: odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; * adjusted by maternal characteristics and sex of the newborn.