Table 1.
Zinc status in allergic patients.
| Disease | Participation | Age | Results/Symptoms | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma | 50 (D), 50 (C) | 2–18 yr | Significant lower serum zinc levels compared to healthy controls | [110] |
| 50 (D), 50 (C) | 1–12 yr | [113] | ||
| 49 (D), 24 (C) | 10–50 yr | [97] | ||
| 24 (D), 24 (C) | 8–18 yr | [118] | ||
| 36 (D), 36 (C) | 10–30 yr | [99] | ||
| 50 (D), 70 (C) | 5–18 yr | [121] | ||
| 100 (D), 100 (C) | 6 yr | [103] | ||
| 40 (D), 43 (C) | 18–70 yr | [100] | ||
| 22 (D), 33 (C) | - | [104] | ||
| 554 (D), 1312 (C) | 30–60 yr | [89] | ||
| 73 (D), 75 (C) | 3–24 mon | [95] | ||
| 34 (D), 14 (C) | Infants | [101] | ||
| 80 (D), 80 (C) | 2–15 yr | [107] | ||
| 6 (D), 12 (C) | 6–12 yr | [114] | ||
| 51 (D), 541 (C) | 6–12 yr | [102] | ||
| 52 (D), 38 (C) | 25–48 yr | [96] | ||
| 60 (D), 30 (C) | 38–52 yr | Significantly lower serum zinc levels and significantly higher IgE levels and worse FEV1 in asthmatic patients | [55] | |
| 46 (D), 30 (C) | 20–65 yr | [91] | ||
| 25 (D), 25 (C) | 30–40 yr | [210] | ||
| 71 (D), 0 (C) | 7–17 yr | [105] | ||
| 114 (D), 49 (C) | 41–71 yr | Significantly lower sputum zinc levels compared to healthy controls | [98] | |
| 40 (D), 20 (C) | 2–12 yr | Significantly decreased nail and hair zinc levels compared to healthy controls | [183] | |
| 22 (D), 19 (C) | 2–14 yr | [111] | ||
| 34 (D), 14 (C) | 1–3 yr | [101] | ||
| 40 (D), 40 (C) | 7–14 yr | No difference in serum zinc levels in patients compared to healthy controls | [117] | |
| 42 (D), 30 (C) | 2–14 yr | [74] | ||
| 175 (D), 165 (C) | 3–19 yr | [93] | ||
| 80 (D), 80 (C) | 3–9 yr | [120] | ||
| 46 (D), 43 (C) | 3 mon–2 yr | [95] | ||
| 30 (D), 30 (C) | mean age 41 | [122] | ||
| 19 (D), 17 (C) | above 18 yr | [115] | ||
| 100 (D), 170 (C) | 20–65 yr | Significantly elevated serum zinc levels in patients vs. healthy controls | [123] | |
| 67 (D), 45 (C) | below 18 yr | No difference in erythrocyte zinc levels compared to healthy controls and no relationship between zinc levels and duration of follow up, severity, and control of asthma | [116] | |
| 37 (D), 30 (C) | 8–18 yr | No effect beween serum zinc level and serum IgE levels or Skin Test Reactivity | [119] | |
| CRS | 28 (D), 7 (C) | above 18 yr | Significantly reduced zinc level in biopsy of nasal epithelium | [129] |
| 28 (D), 8 (C) | 32–44 yr | Significantly reduced tissue zinc levels in correlation with a reduction in collagen content, and increased eosinophil numbers | [128] | |
| 24 (D), 20 (C) | 7–12 yr | Significantly decreased serum zinc levels compared to healthy controls | [125] | |
| Atopic dermatitis |
42 (D), 126 (C) | 3 yr | Zinc deficiency significantly correlates with AD severity and elevated serum IgE levels | [106] |
| 67 (D), 49 (C) | 9–27 yr | Significantly lower erythrocyte zinc levels in AD patients compared to healthy controls, negative correlation between the SCORAD score and erythrocyte zinc levels | [182] | |
| 92 (D), 70 (C) | 2–4 mon | Erythrocyte zinc levels were significantly lower in AD patients compared to healthy controls | [184] | |
| 58 (D), 43 (C) | 2–14 yr | Significantly decreased hair zinc levels, but no alteration of serum zinc levels in AD patients and healthy controls | [188] | |
| 65 (D), 79 (C) | Significantly reduced serum zinc levels in AD patients compared to healthy controls, and recurrent infections of the skin | [186] | ||
| 105 (D), 105 (C) | 1–12 yr | Significant difference in median zinc between children with AD and healthy controls | [185] | |
| 43 (D), 19 (C) | 2–14 yr | [111] | ||
| 20 (D), 20 (C) | 5–12 yr | Significantly lower serum zinc levels in patients with moderate AD compared to patients with mild AD, negative correlation between serum zinc levels and severity of AD | [187] | |
| 18 (D), 20 (C) | - | Significantly lower serum zinc levels and hair zinc levels compared to healthy controls | [183] | |
| 134 (D), 112 (C) | - | No difference in serum zinc levels in patients vs. healthy controls | [180] | |
| 160 (D), 79 (C) | - | [181] | ||
| Alopecia areata | 49 (D), 32 (C) | - | Significantly lower serum zinc and hair zinc levels compared to healthy controls | [198] |
| 32 (D), 32 (C) | 5–31.5 yr | [168] | ||
| 50 (D), 50 (C) | 17.5–36.5 yr | Significantly lower serum zinc levels compared to healthy controls | [194] | |
| 50 (D), 50 (C) | 27 yr | [193] | ||
| 77 (D), 112 (C) | 16–43 yr | [195] | ||
| 60 (D), 60 (C) | 20–55 yr | [196] | ||
| 30 (D), 30 (C) | 19–48 yr | [197] | ||
| Food allergy |
134 (D), 36 (C) | 1–36 mon | Significantly lower serum zinc levels compared to healthy controls | [150] |
| 50 (D), 50 (C) | 4–10 yr | Significantly lower intracellular zinc levels in erythrocytes in patients with FPIAP compared to healthy controls | [156] |
D: people suffering from allergic disease, C: healthy controls, AD: atopic dermatitis, IgE: immunoglobulin E, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second, SCORAD: scoring index for atopic dermatitis, FPIAP: food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis.