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. 2024 Jul 12;18:1417856. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2024.1417856

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Neuroimmune circuit: bidirectional communication between the nervous system and the immune system through cellular phases and chemical signaling. The intricate interplay is established by neurotransmitters binding to immune cell membrane receptors and also by cytokines interacting with nerve cell membrane receptors. (Source: Own elaboration).