Table 1.

Persistent COVID-19 Symptoms, indicating damage caused by specific and non-specific mechanisms following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

General Fatigue Post-exertional discomfort Fever Deterioration of quality of life

Cardio-respiratory Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Cough Chest pain Palpitations Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

Neurological Myalgia encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome Difficulty thinking or concentrating Headache Vision changes Sleep disorders Orthostatic hypotension “Pins and needles” paresthesias Smell or taste disorder Depression or anxiety

Kidney Decreased glomerular filtration rate

Gastrointestinal Diarrhea Constipation Stomachache Heartburn Elevation of aminotransferases Pancreatitis Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic dysfunction

Osteo-articular Myalgias-arthralgias Muscular weakness Sarcopenia

Blood vessels Thrombogenesis

Dermatological Rash Alopecia Urticaria

Reproductive system Changes in menstrual cycles Decreased libido Difficulty ejaculating

Modified reference: NIH COVID-19 treatment guideline (NIH, April 21, 2021) (Nalbandian et al., 2021; Li et al., 2023).