Table 2.

Median and interquartile ranges of VOC metabolite levels (ng/mg creatinine) across categories of hypertension, restricted to participants with available blood pressure examination data and urinary VOCs, among 4,430 NHANES 2011–2018 participants. MU was measured in n=1,046 NHANES 2017–2018 participants and PMA was measured in n=3,207 NHANES 2011–2016 participants.

Parent	Shorta	Overall	No Hypertension	Hypertension
		4,430	2,819	1,611
Acrolein	CEMA	82.3 [54.5, 128.2]	76.2 [50.4, 116.7]	96.7 [64.5, 150.4]
Acrolein	3HPMA	193.7 [130.4, 297.6]	189.6 [127.4, 290.0]	202.8 [137.6, 310.8]
Benzene	MUb	44.8 [26.8, 93.0]	43.3 [24.5, 93.0]	47.7 [29.0, 93.1]
Benzene	PMAc	0.7 [0.5, 1.2]	0.8 [0.4, 1.3]	0.7 [0.5, 1.1]
1,3-Butadiene	DHBMA	300.0 [236.3, 385.1]	288.6 [227.5, 363.5]	340.1 [264.1, 429.8]
1,3-Butadiene	MHBMA3	3.9 [2.6, 6.0]	3.7 [2.5, 5.9]	4.2 [2.9, 6.2]
Crotonaldehyde	HPMMA	185.5 [143.0, 264.6]	173.6 [136.9, 250.0]	212.7 [159.3, 298.8]
Styrene	PGA	197.8 [148.5, 260.4]	190.6 [142.1, 251.0]	214.1 [158.4, 281.3]
Styrene	MA	122.4 [89.5, 164.4]	120.2 [88.9, 159.2]	128.4 [91.9, 172.9]

^aMetabolite long names: CEMA, N-Acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine; 3HPMA, N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine; pMa, N-Acetyl-S-(phenyl)-L-cysteine; MU, t,t-Muconic Acid; DHbMa, N-Acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine; MHBMA3, N-Acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-butenyl)-L-cysteine; HPMMA, N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine; PGA, Phenylglyoxylic acid; MA, Mandelic acid

^bMU was measured in n=1,046 NHANES 2017–2018 participants, n=604 did not have hypertension and n=442 did have hypertension

^cPMA was measured in n=3,207 NHANES 2011–2016 participants, n=2,104 did not have hypertension and n=1,103 did have hypertension