Table 3:
Bivariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with multiple high-risk human papillomavirus infections
| Variable | Multiple HR-HPV Infections | Bivariate p -value | OR (95% CI) | Multivariable p -value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | ||||
| Number of participants | 19 (3.7) | 497 (96.3) | NA | NA | NA |
| Participants age | |||||
| ≥47 years | 13 (5.2) | 239 (94.8) | 0.082 | 2.79 (0.91–8.54) | 0.072 |
| <47 years | 6 (2.3) | 258 (97.7) | 1.00 | Reference | |
| BMI | |||||
| ≥27 kg/m 2 | 10 (3.7) | 261 (96.3) | 0.992 | NA | NA |
| <27 kg/m 2 | 9 (3.7) | 236 (96.3) | |||
| Recent CD4+ cell count | |||||
| ≤560 cells/μL | 13 (5.1) | 244 (94.9) | 0.098 | 3.32 (1.06–10.38) | 0.039 |
| >560 cells/μL | 6 (2.3) | 253 (97.7) | 1.00 | Reference | |
| Age at menarche | |||||
| ≥15 years | 11 (3.9) | 270 (96.1) | 0.759 | NA | NA |
| <15 years | 8 (3.4) | 227 (96.6) | |||
| Age at coitarche | |||||
| <20 years | 11 (4.7) | 221 (95.3) | 0.248 | NA | NA |
| ≥20 years | 8 (2.8) | 276 (97.2) | |||
| Age at first pregnancy | |||||
| <23 years | 10 (4.6) | 207 (95.4) | 0.341 | NA | NA |
| ≥23 years | 9 (3.0) | 267 (97.0) | |||
| Menstrual status | |||||
| Postmenopausal | 10 (4.8) | 198 (95.2) | 0.265 | NA | NA |
| Premenopausal | 9 (2.9) | 299 (97.1) | |||
| Parity | |||||
| Parous | 18 (3.7) | 472 (96.3) | 0.964 | NA | NA |
| Nulliparous | 1 (3.8) | 25 (96.2) | |||
| Previous vaginal birth | |||||
| Yes | 16 (4.1) | 377 (95.9) | 0.402 | NA | NA |
| No | 3 (2.4) | 120 (97.6) | |||
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 17 (4.1) | 398 (95.9) | 0.311 | NA | NA |
| Unmarried | 2 (2.0) | 99 (98.0) | |||
| Educational status | |||||
| Less than tertiary education | 13 (3.9) | 324 (96.1) | 0.772 | NA | NA |
| At least tertiary education | 6 (3.4) | 173 (96.6) | |||
| Employment status | |||||
| Economically unengaged | 2 (8.0) | 23 (92.0) | 0.240* | NA | NA |
| Economically engaged | 17 (3.5) | 474 (96.5) | |||
| Use of oral contraceptive | |||||
| Yes | 2 (2.9) | 66 (97.1) | 0.728 | NA | NA |
| No | 17 (3.8) | 431 (96.2) | |||
| Lifetime sexual partners | |||||
| More than one | 13 (4.0) | 314 (96.8) | 0.642 | NA | NA |
| One | 6 (3.2) | 183 (96.8) | |||
| Previous STI | |||||
| Yes | 5 (4.7) | 101 (95.3) | 0.526 | NA | NA |
| No | 14 (3.4) | 396 (96.6) | |||
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| Yes | 6 (6.1) | 93 (93.9) | 0.162 | 2.06 (0.65–10.38) | 0.221 |
| No | 513 (3.1) | 404 (96.9) | 1.00 | Reference | |
| HPV 16/18 genotype | |||||
| Yes | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | <0.001 | 38.98 (11.93–127.37) | <0.001 |
| No | 11 (2.2) | 488 (97.8) | 1.00 | Reference | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR-HPV, high-risk human papillomavirus; NA, not applicable; OR, adjusted odds ratio; STI, sexually transmitted infections.