Table 1.
Genomic location of CHD candidate genes in folate/methionine cycles in humans. Candidate genes for which the association with CHD risk was documented in genetic studies on CHD patients are written in bold. ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (ABCB1), solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1), folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase, and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 (MTHFD1), methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFS), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT), betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 (BHMT2), glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), DNA methyltransferase 3 β (DNMT3B), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2, and methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (MTHFD2).
| Location | Influx Folate Transporters | Efflux Folate Transporters | Enzymes Involved in Folate (De)Glutamation | Cytosolic Enzymes of the Folate Cycle | Enzymes of the Methionine Cycle | Mitochondrial Enzymes of the Folate Cycle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chr. 1 |
MTHFR
MTR |
AHCYL1 | ||||
| Chr. 2 | MAT2A | MTHFD2 | ||||
| Chr. 3 | ALDH1L1 | |||||
| Chr. 5 |
MTRR
DHFR |
BHMT
BHMT2 |
||||
| Chr. 6 | GNMT | MTHFD1L | ||||
| Chr. 7 | ABCB1 | |||||
| Chr. 8 | GGH | |||||
| Chr. 9 | FPGS | |||||
| Chr. 11 |
FOLR1
FOLR2 FOLR3 |
FOLH1 | ||||
| Chr. 12 |
ALDH1L2
SHMT2 |
|||||
| Chr. 14 | MTHFD1 | |||||
| Chr. 15 | MTHFS | |||||
| Chr. 16 | ABCC1 | |||||
| Chr. 17 | SLC46A1 | ABCC3 | SHMT1 | |||
| Chr. 20 | DNMT3B | |||||
| Chr. 21 | SLC19A1 | FTCD | CBS |