HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
AFP	Alpha-fetoprotein
CTSs	Circulating tumor cells
MiRNA	microRNAs
PET	Positron Emission Tomography
CT	Computed Tomography
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRS	Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
ctDNA	Circulating tumor DNA
ddPCR	Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction
TP53	Tumor Protein 53
CTNNB1	Catenin beta-1
BiFC	Bimolecular fluorescence complementation
TCF3	Transcription factor 3
TCF3ΔNLS	TCF3 lacking the nuclear localization signal
TERT	Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase
HBV	Hepatitis B virus
HCV	Hepatitis C virus
NGS	Next-generation sequencing
WGS	Whole-genome sequencing
Cap-Seq	Capture sequencing (Cap-seq)
cfDNA	Cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid
ccfDNA	Circulating cell-free DNA
WTB-PCR	Wild-type blocking polymerase chain reaction
CHIP	Clonal hyperplasia with indeterminate potential
ATM	Ataxia telangiectasia mutated
FRET	Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
CpGs	Carbon-5 cytosine–guanine dinucleotide
MS-HRM	Methylation-sensitive high-resolution analysis
LDHB	Lactate Dehydrogenase B
qRT-PCR	Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
AuNps	Gold nanoparticles
ECL	Electrochemiluminescence
Dam MTase	DNA adenine methylation methyltransferase
PNA	Peptide nucleic acid
PB	Prussian Blue
GO	Graphene oxide
RGO	Reduced graphene oxide
SERS	Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
CHA	Chain hybridization amplification
HCR	Hybridization chain reaction
CuNPs	Copper nanoparticles
MB	Methylene blue
DPV	Differential pulse voltammetry
CV	Cyclic voltammetry
SWV	Square wave voltammetry
EIS	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
TDN	Tetrahedron DNA nanostructure
SDA	Strand displacement amplification
ACHA	Analogical catalytic hairpin assembly
LNA	Locked nucleic acid
DNA	DNA nanosphere
QCM	Quartz crystal microbalance
LOD	Limit of detection
GPC-3	Glypican-3
GMR	Giant magnetoresistive effect
GP73	Golgi protein 73
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
AAL	Aleuria aurantia lectin
TMB	3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbendzidine
DTN	Tetrahedron nanostructure
SA	Streptavidin
NGQDs	Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots
PLA	Proximity ligation assay
GPC-3	Glypican-3
OPN	Osteopontin
SELEX	Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
PAN	Polyacrylonitrile
SWCNTs	Single-walled carbon nanotubes
MWCNTs	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
PMol2	Phosphomolybdic acid
SCCA	Squamous cell carcinoma antigen
SPR	Surface Plasmon Resonance
LSPR	Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
SPRi	Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging
PEC	Photoelectrochemical
Hg	Hedgehog
SHh	Sonic hedgehog
PER	Primer exchange reaction
CHA	Catalytic hairpin assembly
KLK6	Kallikrein 6
LCN2	Lipocalin-2
PTX-3	Pentraxin-3
ATRP	Atom transfer radical polymerization
GCE	Glassy carbon electrode
QCM-D	Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring
2-AP	2-Aminopurine
RLS	Resonance light scattering
NIE	Nanoimpact electrochemistry