Figure 12.

Comparative evolution of mice’s skin biophysical parameters: (A) Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWA)-related measurements; (B) Erythema-related measurements; (C) Hydration-related measurements. The experiments were performed in triplicate and the mean value ± SD was calculated from three individual experiments. The one-way ANOVA statistical analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test was applied to evaluate the significant differences that occurred between carbomer-based hydrogel formulations containing caffeine and phosphorus derivatives (CAF-CP940; CAF-S1-CP940; CAF-S2-CP940) and Blank-CP940.