Table 5.

Practices of HCPs toward assessment and management of SCD.

Practices	Authors
SCD-targeted nutritional counseling and referral to secondary/tertiary hospitals were poor and unorganized. No center offered SCD screening, home visits, or recordkeeping.	[43]
High-volume providers (those who see more than one SCD patient per week) were less likely to re-dose opioids within 30 min for inadequate analgesia. Pediatric providers were 6.6 times more likely to use PCA for analgesia.	[38]
Perceived barriers to adequate pain management in emergency department were overcrowding, lack of protocols for pain assessment, high nursing workload, and lack of pain assessment tools.	[46]
All the participants showed poor practices on SCD.	[22]
59% of the respondents reported that an inadequate pain assessment tool was the greatest barrier in the management of sickle cell pain episodes.	[30]
Many nurses (65%) felt frustrated about caring for these children during painful episodes.	[28]
Poor management of blood transfusion, plasmapheresis, and chelation therapy.	[48]