Table 6.

Interventions aimed at improving SCD KAP among HCPs.

Authors	Intervention	Results
[42] Nigeria (Student Nurses)	To assess the effect of health education and provision of free sickle cell hemoglobin screening on knowledge of sickle cell disorder, and attitude toward sickle cell hemoglobin screening (Seminar and free screening).	80.9% and 91.8% knowledge at baseline and post-intervention, respectively.
[36] Brazil (Healthcare providers)	Assess the impact of a distance education course.	SCD professional healthcare providers who concluded the distance course had a significantly higher SCD knowledge score (45%) when compared to those who did not successfully conclude the course.
[40] USA (Nurses)	To create an educational program intended to educate nurses to improve their knowledge regarding the self-management of SCD.	Nurses had improved knowledge about the self-management of SCD after the education program.
[29] USA (nurses and house staff)	To assess the impact of video intervention to improve clinician attitudes toward adult SCD patients. An 8 min video depicting a clinician expert and patients discussing challenges in seeking treatment for sickle cell pain.	Compared to the control group, the intervention group exhibited decreased negative attitudes, decreased endorsement of certain patient behaviors as “concern-raising”, and increased positive attitudes toward sickle cell patients.
[20] Nurses in ICU surgical unit	Compare clinicians’ SCD knowledge and attitudes toward patients with SCD, before attending a two-day conference on SCD (T1), to immediately post-conference (T2), and 2 months post-conference (T3).	Overall, knowledge scores were significantly improved as well as significantly increased between T1 and T2 and T1 and T3. Negative attitudes trended lower over the three time points, but a significant decrease in the negative attitudes score was only noted between T1 and T3. Attendance at an educational SCD conference was an effective means to improve knowledge and decrease negative attitudes among clinicians. These differences were maintained at 2 months post-conference.
[41] USA (Emergency HCPs)	To measure pre-intervention and post-intervention providers’ attitudes toward patients with sickle pain crises. ED providers viewed an eight-minute online video that illustrated challenges in sickle cell pain management, perspectives of patients and providers, as well as misconceptions and stereotypes of which to be wary.	Negative attitude scoring decreased from baseline, positive attitudes improved, and endorsement of red-flag behaviors decreased. Results were statistically significant and sustained on repeat testing three months after intervention.